806.15 Lien of judgment; priority; statute may be suspended.
(1) Every judgment properly entered in the judgment and lien docket showing the judgment debtor's place of residence shall, for 10 years from the date of entry, be a lien on all real property of every person against whom the judgment is entered which is in the county where the judgment is rendered, except homestead property that is exempt from execution under s. 815.20, and which the person has at the time of the entry or which the person acquires thereafter within the 10-year period.
(2)
(a) When the collection of the judgment or the sale of the real estate upon which the judgment is a lien shall be delayed by law, and the judgment creditor shall have caused to be entered on the judgment and lien docket “enforcement suspended by injunction" or otherwise, as the case may be, and that entry is dated, the time period of the delay after the date of the entry shall not be considered part of the 10-year period under sub. (1).
(b) Whenever an appeal from any judgment shall be pending and the bond or deposit requisite to stay execution has been given or made, the trial court may, on motion, after notice to the judgment creditor, on such terms as the trial court shall see fit, direct the clerk of circuit court to enter on the judgment and lien docket that the judgment is “secured on appeal" and the judgment shall cease, during the pendency of the appeal, to be a lien.
(3) If the judgment is affirmed on appeal or the appeal is dismissed the clerk of circuit court shall, on the filing of the remittitur, enter on the judgment and lien docket “lien restored by affirmance" or “lien restored by dismissal of appeal" with the date of the entry, and the lien shall be restored. Similar entries may be made with like effect upon the judgment and lien docket of the judgment in any other county upon filing with the clerk of circuit court a transcript from the original judgment and lien docket.
(4) A lien under this section does not attach to property that is held, as defined in s. 766.01 (9), by a person who is the spouse or former spouse of a judgment debtor and that is not held by the judgment debtor, unless the spouse of the judgment debtor is a named defendant in the action for which judgment is rendered, the spouse of the judgment debtor is named in the judgment itself, the obligation is determined an obligation described in s. 766.55 (2) and any of the following applies:
(a) With respect to property held by the spouse of the judgment debtor when the judgment is entered in the judgment and lien docket, the property is expressly determined available under s. 766.55 to satisfy the obligation.
(b) The property is acquired after the judgment is entered in the judgment and lien docket.
(5) If a judgment lien has attached under sub. (4) (b) to property that is exempt under s. 815.205 (1) from execution on the judgment lien and execution has not been issued in connection with the enforcement of the judgment lien, a person with an ownership interest in the property may proceed under s. 806.04 for declaratory relief if, within 10 days after demand, the owner of the judgment fails to execute a recordable release of the property from the judgment lien.
History: 1973 c. 211; Sup. Ct. Order, 67 Wis. 2d 585, 732 (1975); 1975 c. 200; 1985 a. 37, 135, 137, 145, 332; 1987 a. 393; 1991 a. 301; 1995 a. 224.
NOTE: 1991 Wis. Act 301 contains legislative council notes.
A judgment creditor who obtains a lien on land by docketing a judgment is not a purchaser for value, and the fact that a judgment creditor may be without notice of a prior equitable interest when the judgment is docketed is not sufficient to give the lien priority over that of a prior equitable mortgagee. The failure of notice does not inure to the benefit of a subsequent judgment creditor as he or she does not part with any value in reliance on the misleading state of the debtor's title. IFC Collateral Corp. v. Commercial Units, Inc. 51 Wis. 2d 41, 186 N.W.2d 214 (1971).
By entering a judgment in the judgment and lien docket, a judgment creditor obtains a 10-year statutory lien on real property of the debtor located in the county in which the judgment was docketed, but does not create a statutory lien on the debtor's personal property. Instead, a judgment creditor obtains an unsecured, inchoate interest with regard to the debtor's personal property, tangible and intangible, against which to levy. Execution, garnishment, and turnover orders applying property in satisfaction of a judgment are all methods of levying the judgment debtor's personal property. Associated Bank N.A. v. Collier, 2014 WI 62, 355 Wis. 2d 343, 852 N.W.2d 443, 11-2597.
In bankruptcy proceedings, the lien of a judgment obtained before discharge was not extinguished by discharge and could be applied to the proceeds of the bankruptcy sale of the real estate to which the lien attached. Wisconsin statutes do not provide that the lien is automatically extinguished by the discharge in bankruptcy; rather, they require an application by the discharged bankrupt to the court in which the judgment was entered, and the entry by that court of an order of satisfaction. In re Tillman Produce Co., Inc. 396 F. Supp. 500 (1975).
Creditor's rights; after-acquired property. Norman, 56 MLR 137.
Bankruptcy and the Wisconsin judgment lien. Doran. WBB March 1984.
Judgment lien claimants' rights against homestead exemption interests: An equitable distribution of mortgage foreclosure sale proceeds. 1981 WLR 697.