A. Except as provided in subsection B, and subject to the provisions of the declaration, the association, even if unincorporated, may:
1. Adopt and amend bylaws and rules and regulations;
2. Adopt and amend budgets for revenues, expenditures, and reserves and collect assessments for common expenses from proprietary lessees;
3. Hire and discharge managing agents and other employees, agents, and independent contractors;
4. Institute, defend, or intervene in litigation or administrative proceedings in its own name on behalf of itself or two or more proprietary lessees on matters affecting the cooperative;
5. Make contracts and incur liabilities;
6. Regulate the use, maintenance, repair, replacement, and modification of common elements;
7. Cause additional improvements to be made as a part of the common elements;
8. Acquire, hold, encumber, and convey in its own name any right, title, or interest to real or personal property, but part of the cooperative may be conveyed, or all or part of the cooperative may be subjected to, a security interest only pursuant to § 55.1-2144;
9. Grant easements, leases, licenses, and concessions through or over the common elements;
10. Impose and receive any payments, fees, or charges for the use, rental, or operation of the common elements, other than limited common elements described in subdivisions 2 and 4 of § 55.1-2113, and for services provided to proprietary lessees;
11. Impose charges for late payment of assessments and, after notice and an opportunity to be heard, levy fines not to exceed $50 for each instance for violations of the declaration, bylaws, and rules and regulations of the association;
12. Impose reasonable charges for the preparation and recordation of amendments to the declaration, resale certificates required by § 55.1-2161, or statements of unpaid assessments;
13. Provide for the indemnification of its officers and executive board and maintain directors' and officers' liability insurance;
14. Assign its right to future income, including the right to receive common expense assessments, but only to the extent the declaration expressly so provides;
15. Exercise any other powers conferred by the declaration or bylaws;
16. Exercise all other powers that may be exercised in the Commonwealth by legal entities of the same type as the association; and
17. Exercise any other powers necessary and proper for the governance and operation of the association.
B. The declaration shall not impose limitations on the power of the association to deal with the declarant that are more restrictive than the limitations imposed on the power of the association to deal with other persons.
1982, c. 277, § 55-459; 2019, c. 712.