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Licensure of Drivers
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Code of Virginia
Motor Vehicles
Licensure of Drivers
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Section
46.2-300
Driving without license prohibited; penalties
Section
46.2-301
Driving while license, permit, or privilege to drive suspended or revoked
Section
46.2-301.1
Administrative impoundment of motor vehicle for certain driving while license suspended or revoked offenses; judicial impoundment upon conviction; penalty for permitting violation with one's vehicle
Section
46.2-302
Driving while restoration of license is contingent on furnishing proof of financial responsibility
Section
46.2-303
Licenses not required for operating road roller or farm tractor
Section
46.2-304
Limited operation of farm tractor by persons convicted of driving under influence of intoxicants or drugs
Section
46.2-305
Exemption of persons in armed services
Section
46.2-306
Exemption of armed services personnel and spouses and dependent children of armed services personnel
Section
46.2-307
Nonresidents licensed under laws of home state or country; extension of reciprocal privileges
Section
46.2-308
Temporary exemption for new resident licensed under laws of another state; privately owned vehicle driver's licenses
Section
46.2-309
Repealed
Section
46.2-310
Localities may not require license except for taxicabs; prosecutions for operation of vehicle without license or while suspended
Section
46.2-311
Persons having defective vision; minimum standards of visual acuity and field of vision; tests of vision
Section
46.2-312
Persons using bioptic telescopic lenses
Section
46.2-313
Persons with suspended or revoked licenses
Section
46.2-314
Repealed
Section
46.2-315
Disabled persons
Section
46.2-316
Persons convicted or found not innocent of certain offenses; requirement of proof of financial responsibility for certain offenses
Section
46.2-317
Persons making false statement in application
Section
46.2-318
Cancellation or revocation of license where application is false in material particular
Section
46.2-319
Refusal or revocation of license for certain fraudulent acts in obtaining a driver's license
Section
46.2-320
Other grounds for refusal or suspension
Section
46.2-320.1
Other grounds for suspension; nonpayment of child support
Section
46.2-320.2
Repealed
Section
46.2-321
Appeal from denial, suspension, or revocation of license; operation of vehicle pending appeal
Section
46.2-322
Examination of licensee believed incompetent; suspension or restriction of license; license application to include questions as to physical or mental conditions of applicant; false answers; examination of applicant; physician's, nurse practitioner's, or physician assistant's statement
Section
46.2-323
Application for driver's license; proof of completion of driver education program; penalty
Section
46.2-323.01
(Effective until January 1, 2022) Issuance of documents; relationship with federal law
Section
46.2-323.01
(Effective January 1, 2022) Issuance of credentials; relationship with federal law
Section
46.2-323.1
(Effective until January 1, 2022) Certification of Virginia residency; nonresidents not to be issued driver's licenses, commercial driver's licenses, learner's permits, or special identification card; penalty
Section
46.2-323.1
(Effective January 1, 2022) Certification of Virginia residency; nonresidents not eligible for credentials; penalty
Section
46.2-324
Applicants and license holders to notify Department of change of address; fee
Section
46.2-324.1
(Continent expiration date — see note) Requirements for initial licensure of certain applicants
Section
46.2-324.1
(Contingent effective date — see note) Requirements for initial licensure of certain applicants
Section
46.2-325
Examination of applicants; waiver of Department's examination under certain circumstances; behind-the-wheel and knowledge examinations
Section
46.2-326
Designation of examiners; conduct of examination; reports
Section
46.2-326.1
Designation of commercial driver's license skills testing examiners
Section
46.2-327
Copies of applications; record of licenses and learner's permits issued, suspended, or revoked
Section
46.2-328
Department to issue licenses; endorsements, classifications, and restrictions authorizing operation of certain vehicles
Section
46.2-328.1
Licenses, permits, and special identification cards to be issued only to United States citizens, legal permanent resident aliens, or holders of valid unexpired nonimmigrant visas; exceptions; renewal, duplication, or reissuance
Section
46.2-328.2
Department to issue documents; veteran indicator
Section
46.2-328.3
Driver privilege cards and permits
Section
46.2-329
Special restrictions on particular licensees
Section
46.2-330
Expiration and renewal of licenses; examinations required
Section
46.2-331
Repealed
Section
46.2-332
Fees
Section
46.2-333
Disposition of fees; expenses
Section
46.2-333.1
Surcharges on certain fees of Department; disposition of proceeds
Section
46.2-334
Conditions and requirements for licensure of persons under 18
Section
46.2-334.001
Court to suspend driver's license issued to certain minors
Section
46.2-334.01
Licenses issued to persons less than 18 years old subject to certain restrictions
Section
46.2-334.02
Licenses issued to persons less than twenty years old subject to certain restrictions
Section
46.2-334.1
Knowledge test; waiting period prior to reexamination
Section
46.2-335
Learner's permits; fees; certification required
Section
46.2-335.1
Knowledge test; waiting period prior to reexamination
Section
46.2-335.2
Learner's permits; required before driver's license; minimum holding period
Section
46.2-336
Manner of issuing original driver's licenses to minors
Section
46.2-337
Examination and road test required for license to operate motorcycle; regulations
Section
46.2-338
Repealed
Section
46.2-339
Qualifications of school bus operators; training; examination
Section
46.2-340
Information concerning school bus drivers and driver education instructors
Section
46.2-341
Repealed
Section
46.2-341.1
Title
Section
46.2-341.2
Repealed
Section
46.2-341.3
Conflicts; supplement to driver licensing statutes
Section
46.2-341.4
(Contingent expiration date — see note) Definitions
Section
46.2-341.4
(Contingent effective date — see notes) Definitions
Section
46.2-341.5
Regulations consistent with Commercial Motor Vehicle Safety Act
Section
46.2-341.6
Limitation on number of driver's licenses
Section
46.2-341.7
Commercial driver's license required; penalty
Section
46.2-341.8
Nonresidents and new residents
Section
46.2-341.9
Eligibility for commercial driver's license or commercial learner's permit
Section
46.2-341.9
01. Specialized training required
Section
46.2-341.9
1. Commissioner to grant variances for commercial drivers transporting hazardous wastes
Section
46.2-341.10
Special provisions relating to commercial learner's permit
Section
46.2-341.10
1. Seasonal restricted commercial drivers' licenses
Section
46.2-341.11
Commercial drivers required to notify the Department of change of address
Section
46.2-341.12
(For expiration date, see Acts 2019, c. 750, cl. 3, as amended by Acts 2020, c. 546) Application for commercial driver's license or commercial learner's permit
Section
46.2-341.12
(For effective date, see Acts 2019, c. 750, cl. 3, as amended by Acts 2020, c. 546) Application for commercial driver's license or commercial learner's permit
Section
46.2-341.13
Disposition of fees
Section
46.2-341.14
Testing requirements for commercial driver's license; behind-the-wheel and knowledge examinations
Section
46.2-341.14
01. Military third party testers and military third party examiners; substitute for knowledge and driving skills tests for drivers with military commercial motor vehicle experience
Section
46.2-341.14
1. Requirements for third party testers
Section
46.2-341.14
2. Requirements for third party examiners
Section
46.2-341.14
3. Application for certification by the Department
Section
46.2-341.14
4. Certification by the Department
Section
46.2-341.14
5. Terminating certification of third party tester or examiner
Section
46.2-341.14
6. Onsite inspections and audits
Section
46.2-341.14
7. Notification requirements
Section
46.2-341.14
8. Test administration
Section
46.2-341.14
9. The skills test certificate
Section
46.2-341.14
10. Waiver of requirement that third party tester applicant employ 50 drivers
Section
46.2-341.15
Commercial driver's license and commercial learner's permit document
Section
46.2-341.16
Vehicle classifications, restrictions, and endorsements
Section
46.2-341.16
1. Conformance with requirements of U.S.A. Patriot Act of 2001
Section
46.2-341.17
Penalty for violation of this article
Section
46.2-341.18
Disqualification for certain offenses
Section
46.2-341.18
01. Disqualification for violation of out-of-service order; commercial motor vehicle designed to transport 16 or more passengers; commercial motor vehicle used to transport hazardous materials
Section
46.2-341.18
1. Disqualification for certain alcohol-related offenses committed in other jurisdictions whose laws provide for disqualification for such offenses without a conviction
Section
46.2-341.18
2. Disqualification for use of urine-masking agent or device
Section
46.2-341.18
3. Cancellation of commercial driver's license endorsement for certain offenders
Section
46.2-341.19
Controlled substance felony; disqualification
Section
46.2-341.20
Disqualification for multiple serious traffic violations
Section
46.2-341.20
1. Disqualification for railroad/highway grade crossing violations
Section
46.2-341.20
2. Employer penalty; railroad/highway grade crossing violations; out-of-service order violation
Section
46.2-341.20
3. Disqualification for determination of imminent hazard
Section
46.2-341.20
4. Disqualification of driver convicted of fraud related to the testing and issuance of a commercial learner's permit or commercial driver's license
Section
46.2-341.20
5. Prohibition on texting and use of handheld mobile telephone; penalties
Section
46.2-341.20
6. Prohibition on requiring use of handheld mobile telephone or texting; motor carrier penalty
Section
46.2-341.20
7. Possession of marijuana in commercial motor vehicle unlawful; civil penalty
Section
46.2-341.21
Driving while disqualified; penalties
Section
46.2-341.22
Requirements upon disqualification
Section
46.2-341.23
Offenses under substantially similar laws
Section
46.2-341.24
Driving a commercial motor vehicle while intoxicated, etc.
Section
46.2-341.25
Preliminary analysis of breath of commercial drivers to determine alcohol content of blood
Section
46.2-341.26
Repealed
Section
46.2-341.26
1. Use of chemical tests to determine alcohol or drug content of blood of commercial driver; definitions
Section
46.2-341.26
2. Implied consent to post-arrest chemical test to determine alcohol or drug content of blood of commercial driver
Section
46.2-341.26
3. Refusal of tests; issuance of out-of-service orders; disqualification
Section
46.2-341.26
4. Appeal and trial; sanctions for refusal; procedures
Section
46.2-341.26
5. Qualifications and liability of persons authorized to take blood samples; procedure for taking samples
Section
46.2-341.26
6. Transmission of blood samples
Section
46.2-341.26
7. Transmission of samples
Section
46.2-341.26
8. Fees
Section
46.2-341.26
9. Assurance of breath test validity; use of breath tests as evidence
Section
46.2-341.26
10. Evidence
Section
46.2-341.26
11. Substantial compliance
Section
46.2-341.27
Presumptions from alcohol and drug content of blood
Section
46.2-341.28
Penalty for driving commercial motor vehicle while intoxicated; subsequent offense; prior conviction
Section
46.2-341.29
Penalty for driving commercial motor vehicle with blood alcohol content equal to or greater than 0.04
Section
46.2-341.30
Disqualification for driving commercial motor vehicle while intoxicated, etc.
Section
46.2-341.31
Driving commercial motor vehicle with any alcohol in blood
Section
46.2-341.32
Authority to enter into agreements
Section
46.2-341.33
Repealed
Section
46.2-341.34
Appeals
Section
46.2-342
What license to contain; organ donor information; Uniform Donor Document
Section
46.2-343
Duplicate driver's license, reissued driver's licenses, learner's permit; fees
Section
46.2-344
Temporary driver's permit
Section
46.2-345
Issuance of special identification cards; fee; confidentiality; penalties
Section
46.2-345.1
Repealed
Section
46.2-345.2
Issuance of special identification cards without photographs; fee; confidentiality; penalties
Section
46.2-345.3
(Effective January 1, 2022) Issuance of identification privilege cards; fee; confidentiality; penalties
Section
46.2-346
(Effective until January 1, 2022) Unlawful acts enumerated
Section
46.2-346
(Effective January 1, 2022) Unlawful acts enumerated
Section
46.2-347
Fraudulent use of driver's license or Department of Motor Vehicles identification card to obtain alcoholic beverages; penalties
Section
46.2-348
Fraud or false statements in applications for license; penalties
Section
46.2-349
Unlawful to permit violations of chapter
Section
46.2-350
Penalty for violation
Section
46.2-351
Repealed
Section
46.2-355.1
Repealed
Section
46.2-364
Definitions
Section
46.2-365
Plaintiff not prevented from relying upon other legal process
Section
46.2-366
Partial application to certain motor vehicles
Section
46.2-367
Persons included within scope of chapter
Section
46.2-368
Certificate of self-insurance exempts from chapter
Section
46.2-369
Commissioner to administer and enforce chapter; regulations; summoning witnesses and taking testimony
Section
46.2-370
Revoked driver's licenses, special identification cards, certificates of title, license plates, registration cards to be returned; Commissioner may take possession of them
Section
46.2-371
Driver to give immediate notice of certain accidents
Section
46.2-372
Driver to report certain accidents in writing; certification of financial responsibility to Department; supplemental reports; reports by witnesses
Section
46.2-373
Report by law-enforcement officer investigating accident
Section
46.2-373.1
Report of law-enforcement officer involved in accident
Section
46.2-374
Department to prepare and supply forms for reports
Section
46.2-375
Reports by medical examiners of deaths resulting from accidents
Section
46.2-376
Report required of person in charge of garage or repair shop
Section
46.2-377
Reports made by garages to be without prejudice and confidential; exceptions
Section
46.2-378
Extent to which reports may be used as evidence
Section
46.2-379
Use of crash reports made by investigating officers
Section
46.2-380
Reports made under certain sections open to inspection by certain persons; copies; maintenance of reports and photographs for three-year period
Section
46.2-381
Accident reports required by county or municipal ordinance; copies
Section
46.2-382
Courts to keep full records of certain cases
Section
46.2-382.1
Courts to make findings relating to commercial motor vehicles
Section
46.2-383
Courts to forward abstracts of records or furnish abstract data of conviction by electronic means in certain cases; records in office of Department; inspection; clerk's fee for reports
Section
46.2-384
Law-enforcement officers arresting drivers for certain offenses to request abstracts or transcripts of drivers' conviction records
Section
46.2-385
Prosecuting attorneys to appear in certain cases
Section
46.2-386
Forms for and information to be contained in abstracts; certification
Section
46.2-387
Penalty for failure to forward record of conviction or of judgment for damages
Section
46.2-388
Uniform summons to be used for reportable motor vehicle law violations; citations
Section
46.2-389
Required revocation for one year upon conviction or finding of guilty of certain offenses; exceptions
Section
46.2-390
Required suspension for conviction of theft or unauthorized use of a motor vehicle
Section
46.2-390.1
Repealed
Section
46.2-391
Revocation of license for multiple convictions of driving while intoxicated; exception; petition for restoration of privilege
Section
46.2-391.01
Administrative enforcement of ignition interlock requirements
Section
46.2-391.1
Suspension of registration certificates and plates upon suspension or revocation of driver's license
Section
46.2-391.2
Administrative suspension of license or privilege to operate a motor vehicle
Section
46.2-391.3
Content of notice of suspension
Section
46.2-391.4
When suspension to be rescinded
Section
46.2-391.5
Preparation and distribution of forms
Section
46.2-392
Suspension of license or issuance of a restricted license on conviction of reckless or aggressive driving; probationary conditions required; generally
Section
46.2-393
Suspension of license on conviction of certain reckless offenses; restricted licenses
Section
46.2-394
Revocation of license for fourth conviction of certain offenses
Section
46.2-395
Repealed
Section
46.2-396
Suspension of license for reckless driving resulting in death of any person
Section
46.2-396.1
Conviction of serious driving offense
Section
46.2-397
Suspension of license for certain violations while transporting explosives, inflammable gas or liquid
Section
46.2-398
Disposition of surrendered licenses on revocation or suspension
Section
46.2-398.1
Issuance of restricted driver's privilege to out-of-state licensees
Section
46.2-399
Revocation of license for improper use or failure to pay certain taxes
Section
46.2-400
Suspension of license of person not competent to drive; restoration of license; duty of clerk of the court
Section
46.2-401
Reports to Commissioner of discharge of individuals from state facilities
Section
46.2-402
When Commissioner may suspend or revoke license for not more than one year after hearing
Section
46.2-403
Contents of notice of hearing
Section
46.2-404
Where and before whom hearing held
Section
46.2-405
How hearings to be conducted
Section
46.2-406
Appointment and authority of hearing officers
Section
46.2-407
Form and contents of decision; copies
Section
46.2-408
When Commissioner may suspend or revoke license for no more than five years
Section
46.2-409
Certain abstracts of conviction to be prima facie evidence of conviction
Section
46.2-410
Appeals from order suspending or revoking license or registration
Section
46.2-410.1
Judicial review of revocation or suspension by Commissioner
Section
46.2-410.2
License suspension or revocation by Commissioner; offenses under the laws of other jurisdictions
Section
46.2-411
Reinstatement of suspended or revoked license or other privilege to operate or register a motor vehicle; proof of financial responsibility; reinstatement fee
Section
46.2-411.1
Reinstatement of driver's license suspended or revoked for a conviction of driving while intoxicated
Section
46.2-412
Time suspension or revocation
Section
46.2-413
Effect of reversal of conviction
Section
46.2-414
Commencement of periods for suspension or revocation of licenses, registration cards, or license plates
Section
46.2-415
United States magistrates and judges of district courts authorized to revoke or suspend driver's license under certain conditions
Section
46.2-416
Notice of suspension or revocation of license
Section
46.2-416.1
Repealed
Section
46.2-417
Suspension for failure to satisfy motor vehicle accident judgment; exceptions; insurance in liquidated company; insurer obligated to pay judgment
Section
46.2-418
Nonpayment of judgments of Virginia and other states
Section
46.2-419
(Effective until January 1, 2022) When judgment satisfied
Section
46.2-419
(Effective January 1, 2022) When judgment satisfied
Section
46.2-420
Order for payment of judgment in installments
Section
46.2-421
Effect of order for such payment and proof of financial responsibility
Section
46.2-422
Suspension on failure to pay installments
Section
46.2-423
Creditor's consent to license notwithstanding default in payment
Section
46.2-424
Duty of insurance carrier after notice of accident; report of omissions by insurers to State Corporation Commission; investigation and assessment for omissions
Section
46.2-425
Driver or owner having no license issued by Department
Section
46.2-426
Custody and application of cash or securities deposited; limitation of actions; assignment
Section
46.2-427
When suspensions to remain effective; relief from furnishing proof of financial responsibility; prohibition against registration in name of another person
Section
46.2-428
Commonwealth responsible for deposits
Section
46.2-429
Release of deposits only upon consent of Commissioner
Section
46.2-430
Power over nonresidents
Section
46.2-431
Chapter applies to nonresidents
Section
46.2-432
Failure of nonresident to report accident
Section
46.2-433
Notification of officers in nonresident's home state
Section
46.2-434
Conviction of or judgment against resident in another jurisdiction
Section
46.2-435
Proof of financial responsibility to be furnished for each vehicle
Section
46.2-436
Methods of proving financial responsibility
Section
46.2-437
Proof of financial responsibility by owner in lieu of driver
Section
46.2-438
Proof by owner of vehicles operated under permit or certificate of State Corporation Commission or Department of Motor Vehicles
Section
46.2-439
Certificate of insurance carrier
Section
46.2-440
Certificate for nonresident may be by carrier not qualified in Commonwealth
Section
46.2-441
Nonresident may file proof of future financial responsibility of insurance company or other state-authorized entity providing insurance
Section
46.2-442
Default of foreign insurance carrier
Section
46.2-443
Chapter not applicable to certain policies of insurance
Section
46.2-444
Surety requirements of bond
Section
46.2-445
How bond to be conditioned
Section
46.2-446
Notice to Commissioner prerequisite to cancellation of bond; cancellation not to affect rights arising prior thereto
Section
46.2-447
Bond to constitute lien on real estate of surety
Section
46.2-448
Notice of cancellation; record; fees
Section
46.2-449
Cancellation of bond with individual sureties; certificates of cancellation
Section
46.2-450
Order discharging lien of bond
Section
46.2-451
Action or suit on bond
Section
46.2-452
Parties to suit on bond with individual sureties
Section
46.2-453
Proof of financial responsibility by delivering cash or securities
Section
46.2-454
Moneys or securities to be deposited with State Treasurer subject to execution
Section
46.2-455
Assessment for expense of holding deposits
Section
46.2-456
Additional security if fund impaired by any legal process, or otherwise
Section
46.2-457
Substitution of new proof; cancellation or return of old
Section
46.2-458
Interpleader to determine rights in deposits; other proceedings
Section
46.2-459
When other proof of financial responsibility required; suspension of license pending furnishing of proof required
Section
46.2-460
When Commissioner to consent to cancellation of bond or policy, or return of money or securities
Section
46.2-461
When Commissioner not to release proof of financial responsibility; affidavit of nonexistence of facts
Section
46.2-462
New license or registration to person to whom proof surrendered
Section
46.2-463
Penalty for forging evidence of financial responsibility
Section
46.2-464
Application for assignment of risk to insurance carrier
Section
46.2-465
Optional coverage for persons occupying insured motor vehicle and for named insured and his family
Section
46.2-466
Regulations for assignment, rate classifications, and schedules
Section
46.2-467
Action within power of Commission
Section
46.2-468
Information filed with Commission by insurance carrier confidential
Section
46.2-469
Commission not required to disclose reasons for action; liability of Commission for act or omission
Section
46.2-470
Assignment of risks for nonresidents
Section
46.2-471
Assignment of risks for certain carriers
Section
46.2-472
(Effective until January 1, 2022) Coverage of owner's policy
Section
46.2-472
(Effective January 1, 2022) Coverage of owner's policy
Section
46.2-473
Coverage of driver's policy
Section
46.2-474
Policy must contain certain agreement; additional coverage
Section
46.2-475
Policy must comply with law
Section
46.2-476
Liability covered by workers' compensation law
Section
46.2-477
When chapter applicable to policy
Section
46.2-478
Several policies together meeting requirements of chapter
Section
46.2-479
Provisions to which every policy shall be subject but need not contain
Section
46.2-480
Reimbursement of carrier and proration of insurance
Section
46.2-481
Binder or endorsement in lieu of policy
Section
46.2-482
Notification of cancellation or termination of certified policy
Section
46.2-483
Compact enacted into law; terms
Section
46.2-484
Department of Motor Vehicles to be "licensing authority" within meaning of compact; duties of Department
Section
46.2-485
Compensation and expenses of compact administrator
Section
46.2-486
Governor to be "executive head" within meaning of compact
Section
46.2-487
Statutes and ordinances deemed to cover offenses specified in subdivision (a) of Article IV of compact
Section
46.2-488
Question to be included in application for driver's license; surrender of license issued by another party state
Section
46.2-489
Regulations; appeals
Section
46.2-490
Establishment of driver improvement clinic program; application fees
Section
46.2-490.1
Section 46.2-391.1 not applicable
Section
46.2-490.2
Repealed
Section
46.2-490.3
Definitions
Section
46.2-490.4
Action on applications; hearing on denial
Section
46.2-490.5
Suspension, revocation, cancellation or refusal to renew clinic license or instructor license; imposition of monetary penalties
Section
46.2-490.6
Civil penalties
Section
46.2-490.7
Acts of owners, operators, officers, directors, partners, and instructors
Section
46.2-490.8
Grounds for denying, suspending, or revoking licenses of clinics and clinic instructors
Section
46.2-490.9
Unlawful acts; prosecution; proceedings in equity
Section
46.2-490.10
Changes in form of ownership or name
Section
46.2-490.11
Reports, records of licensed computer-based clinic providers
Section
46.2-491
Persons included within scope of article
Section
46.2-492
Uniform Demerit Point System
Section
46.2-493
Demerit points valid for two years
Section
46.2-494
Safe driving point credit
Section
46.2-495
Advisory letters
Section
46.2-496
Repealed
Section
46.2-498
Driver improvement clinics; voluntary attendance
Section
46.2-499
Driver's license probation
Section
46.2-500
Driver control period
Section
46.2-501
Notice to attend driver improvement clinic
Section
46.2-502
Clinic fees
Section
46.2-503
Suspension of privilege to operate a motor vehicle for failure to attend clinics
Section
46.2-504
Form and contents of order of probation, suspension or revocation; service
Section
46.2-505
Court may direct defendant to attend driver improvement clinic
Section
46.2-506
Formal hearings; suspension for excessive point accumulation