Removal of Directors Elected by Members or Directors

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  1. The members may remove one (1) or more directors elected by them with or without cause, unless the charter provides that directors may be removed only for cause. The charter or bylaws may specify what constitutes cause for removal.
  2. If a director is elected by a class, chapter or other organizational unit or by region or other geographic grouping, the director may be removed only by the members of that class, chapter, unit or grouping.
  3. Except as provided in subsection (i), a director may be removed under subsection (a) or (b) only if the number of votes cast to remove the director would be sufficient to elect the director at a meeting to elect directors.
  4. If cumulative voting is authorized, a director may not be removed if the number of votes, or if the director was elected by a class, chapter, unit or grouping of members, the number of votes of that class, chapter, unit or grouping, sufficient to elect the director under cumulative voting is voted against the director's removal.
  5. A director elected by members may be removed by the members only at a meeting called for the purpose of removing the director and the meeting notice must state that the purpose, or one (1) of the purposes, of the meeting is removal of the director.
  6. In computing whether a director is protected from removal under subsections (b)-(d), it should be assumed that the votes against removal are cast in an election for the number of directors of the class to which the director to be removed belonged on the date of that director's election.
  7. An entire board of directors may be removed under subsections (a)-(e).
  8. The board of directors of a corporation may remove a director without cause who has been elected by the board by the vote of two thirds (2/3) of the directors then in office or such greater number as is set forth in the charter or bylaws.
  9. If at the beginning of a director's term on the board, the charter or bylaws provide that the director may be removed for missing a specified number of board meetings, the board may remove the director for failing to attend the specified number of meetings. The director may be removed only if a majority of the directors then in office vote for the removal.


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