The following words and phrases when used in this chapter shall have the meanings given to them in this section unless the context clearly indicates otherwise:
"Abandoned well." Any of the following:
(1) A well:
(i) that has not been used to produce, extract or inject any gas, petroleum or other liquid within the preceding 12 months;
(ii) for which equipment necessary for production, extraction or injection has been removed; or
(iii) considered dry and not equipped for production within 60 days after drilling, redrilling or deepening.
(2) The term does not include wells granted inactive status.
"Additive." A hydraulic fracturing chemical.
"Alteration." An operation which changes the physical characteristics of a well bore, including stimulation or removing, repairing or changing the casing. For the purpose of this chapter only, the term does not include:
(1) Repairing or replacing of the casing if the activity does not affect the depth or diameter of the well bore, the use or purpose of the well does not change and the activity complies with regulations promulgated under this chapter, except that this exclusion does not apply:
(i) to production casings in coal areas when the production casings are also the coal protection casings; or
(ii) when the method of repairing or replacing the casing would affect the coal protection casing.
(2) Stimulation of a well.
"Board." The Oil and Gas Technical Advisory Board.
"Bridge." An obstruction placed in a well at any depth.
"Building." An occupied structure with walls and roof within which persons live or customarily work.
"Casing." A string or strings of pipe commonly placed in wells drilled for natural gas or petroleum.
"Cement" or "cement grout." Any of the following:
(1) Hydraulic cement properly mixed with water only.
(2) A mixture of materials adequate for bonding or sealing of well bores as approved by regulations promulgated under this chapter.
"Chemical." Any element, chemical compound or mixture of elements or compounds that has its own specific name or identity, such as a chemical abstract service number.
"Chemical Disclosure Registry." The chemical registry Internet website developed by the Ground Water Protection Council and the Interstate Oil and Gas Compact Commission or their successor organizations.
"Chemical family." A group of chemicals that share similar chemical properties and have a common general name.
"Coal mine." Any of the following:
(1) Operations in a coal seam, including excavated portions, abandoned portions and places actually being worked.
(2) Underground workings and shafts, slopes, tunnels and other ways and openings, including those which are in the course of being sunk or driven, along with all roads and facilities connected with them below the surface.
"Coal operator." A person that operates or proposes to operate a coal mine as an owner or lessee.
"Completion of a well." The date after treatment, if any, that the well is properly equipped for production of oil or gas, or, if the well is dry, the date that the well is abandoned.
"Department." The Department of Environmental Protection of the Commonwealth.
"Drilling." The drilling or redrilling of a well or the deepening of an existing well.
"Fresh groundwater." Water in that portion of the generally recognized hydrologic cycle which occupies the pore spaces and fractures of saturated subsurface materials.
"Gas." Any of the following:
(1) A fluid, combustible or noncombustible, which is produced in a natural state from the earth and maintains a gaseous or rarified state at standard temperature of 60 degrees Fahrenheit and pressure 14.7 PSIA.
(2) Any manufactured gas, by-product gas or mixture of gases or natural gas liquids.
"Health professional." A physician, physician assistant, nurse practitioner, registered nurse or emergency medical technician licensed by the Commonwealth.
"Hydraulic fracturing chemical." Any chemical substance or combination of substances, including any chemicals and proppants, that is intentionally added to a base fluid for purposes of preparing a stimulation fluid for use in hydraulic fracturing.
"Inactivate." To shut off the vertical movement of gas in a gas storage well by means of a temporary plug or other suitable device or by injecting bentonitic mud or other equally nonporous material into the well.
"Linear foot." A unit or measurement in a straight line on a horizontal plane.
"Natural gas liquids." Hydrocarbons in natural gas which are separated from the gas as liquids through the process of absorption, condensation, adsorption or other methods in gas processing of cycling plants.
"Oil." Hydrocarbons in liquid form at standard temperature of 60 degrees Fahrenheit and pressure 14.7 PSIA, also referred to as petroleum.
"Operating coal mine." Any of the following:
(1) An underground coal mine which is producing coal or has been in production of coal at any time during the 12 months immediately preceding the date its status is put in question, including contiguous worked-out or abandoned coal mines to which it is connected underground.
(2) An underground coal mine to be established or reestablished under paragraph (1).
"Operating well." A well that is not plugged and abandoned.
"Operator." A well operator.
"Orphan well." A well abandoned prior to April 18, 1985, that has not been affected or operated by the present owner or operator and from which the present owner, operator or lessee has received no economic benefit other than as a landowner or recipient of a royalty interest from the well.
"Outside coal boundaries." When used in conjunction with the term "operating coal mine," the boundaries of the coal acreage assigned to the coal mine under an underground mine permit issued by the Department of Environmental Protection.
"Owner." A person who owns, manages, leases, controls or possesses a well or coal property. The term does not apply to orphan wells, except where the Department of Environmental Protection determines a prior owner or operator benefited from the well as provided in section 3220(a) (relating to plugging requirements).
"Person." An individual, association, partnership, corporation, political subdivision or agency of the Federal Government, State government or other legal entity.
"Petroleum." Hydrocarbons in liquid form at standard temperature of 60 degrees Fahrenheit and pressure 14.7 PSIA, also referred to as oil.
"Pillar." A solid block of coal surrounded by either active mine workings or a mined-out area.
"Plat." A map, drawing or print accurately drawn to scale showing the proposed or existing location of a well or wells.
"Reservoir protective area." The area surrounding a storage reservoir boundary, but within 2,000 linear feet of the storage reservoir boundary, unless an alternate area has been designated by the Department of Environmental Protection, which is deemed reasonably necessary to afford protection to the reservoir, under a conference held in accordance with section 3251 (relating to conferences).
"Retreat mining." Removal of coal pillars, ribs and stumps remaining after development mining has been completed in that section of a coal mine.
"Secretary." The Secretary of Environmental Protection of the Commonwealth.
"Storage operator." A person who operates or proposes to operate a storage reservoir as an owner or lessee.
"Storage reservoir." That portion of a subsurface geological stratum into which gas is or may be injected for storage purposes or to test suitability of the stratum for storage.
"Unconventional formation." A geological shale formation existing below the base of the Elk Sandstone or its geologic equivalent stratigraphic interval where natural gas generally cannot be produced at economic flow rates or in economic volumes except by vertical or horizontal well bores stimulated by hydraulic fracture treatments or by using multilateral well bores or other techniques to expose more of the formation to the well bore.
"Unconventional well." A bore hole drilled or being drilled for the purpose of or to be used for the production of natural gas from an unconventional formation.
"Water management plan." A plan associated with drilling or completing a well in an unconventional formation that demonstrates that the withdrawal and use of water sources protects those sources as required by law and protects public health, safety and welfare.
"Water purveyor." Any of the following:
(1) The owner or operator of a public water system as defined in section 3 of the act of May 1, 1984 (P.L.206, No.43), known as the Pennsylvania Safe Drinking Water Act.
(2) Any person subject to the act of June 24, 1939 (P.L.842, No.365), referred to as the Water Rights Law.
"Water source."
(1) Any of the following:
(i) Waters of this Commonwealth.
(ii) A source of water supply used by a water purveyor.
(iii) Mine pools and discharges.
(iv) Any other waters that are used for drilling or completing a well in an unconventional formation.
(2) The term does not include flowback or production waters or other fluids:
(i) which are used for drilling or completing a well in an unconventional formation; and
(ii) which do not discharge into waters of this Commonwealth.
"Well." A bore hole drilled or being drilled for the purpose of or to be used for producing, extracting or injecting gas, petroleum or another liquid related to oil or gas production or storage, including brine disposal, but excluding a bore hole drilled to produce potable water. The term does not include a bore hole drilled or being drilled for the purpose of or to be used for:
(1) Systems of monitoring, producing or extracting gas from solid waste disposal facilities, if the bore hole is a well subject to the act of July 7, 1980 (P.L.380, No.97), known as the Solid Waste Management Act, which does not penetrate a workable coal seam.
(2) Degasifying coal seams, if the bore hole is:
(i) used to vent methane to the outside atmosphere from an operating coal mine; regulated as part of the mining permit under the act of June 22, 1937 (P.L.1987, No.394), known as The Clean Streams Law, and the act of May 31, 1945 (P.L.1198, No.418), known as the Surface Mining Conservation and Reclamation Act; and drilled by the operator of the operating coal mine for the purpose of increased safety; or
(ii) used to vent methane to the outside atmosphere under a federally funded or State-funded abandoned mine reclamation project.
"Well control emergency." An incident during drilling, operation, workover or completion that, as determined by the Department of Environmental Protection, poses a threat to public health, welfare or safety, including a loss of circulation fluids, kick, casing failure, blowout, fire and explosion.
"Well control specialist." Any person trained to respond to a well control emergency with a current certification from a well control course accredited by the International Association of Drilling Contractors or other organization approved by the Department of Environmental Protection.
"Well operator." Any of the following:
(1) The person designated as operator or well operator on the permit application or well registration.
(2) If a permit or well registration was not issued, a person who locates, drills, operates, alters or plugs a well or reconditions a well with the purpose of production from the well.
(3) If a well is used in connection with underground storage of gas, a storage operator.
"Wetland." Areas inundated or saturated by surface water or groundwater at a frequency and duration sufficient to support, and which normally support, a prevalence of vegetation typically adapted for life in saturated soil conditions, including swamps, marshes, bogs and similar areas.
"Workable coal seams." A coal seam which:
(1) is actually being mined in the area in question under this chapter by underground methods; or
(2) in the judgment of the Department of Environmental Protection, can reasonably be expected to be mined by underground methods.
Special Provisions in Appendix. See section 4(3)(i) of Act 13 of 2012 in the appendix to this title for special provisions relating to continuation of prior law.