Rule 1004. Admissibility of other evidence of contents.

Checkout our iOS App for a better way to browser and research.


(1) All originals are lost or have been destroyed, unless the proponent lost or destroyed them in bad faith;

(2) An original cannot be obtained by any available judicial process or procedure;

(3) At a time when an original was under the control of the party against whom offered, that party was put on notice, by the pleadings or otherwise, that the contents would be a subject of proof at the hearing, and the party does not produce the original at the hearing; or

(4) The writing, recording or photograph is not closely related to a controlling issue. [1981 c.892 §74]


Download our app to see the most-to-date content.