The certificate of incorporation or the by-laws may provide, either absolutely or contingently, that the members of any class shall not be entitled to vote, or it may limit or define the matters on, and the circumstances in, which a member or a class of members shall be entitled to vote, and, except as otherwise provided in this chapter, such provisions of the certificate of incorporation or the by-laws shall prevail, according to their tenor, in all elections and in all proceedings, over the provisions of this chapter which authorize any action by the members, but no such denial, limitation or definition of voting rights shall be effective unless at the time one or more classes of members, singly or in the aggregate, are entitled to full voting rights.