A. For the purposes of the Uniform Probate Code, except as provided in Subsection D of this section, an individual who is not established by clear and convincing evidence to have survived an event, including the death of another individual, by one hundred twenty hours is deemed to have predeceased the event.
B. Except as provided in Subsection D of this section, for purposes of a provision of a governing instrument that relates to an individual surviving an event, including the death of another individual, an individual who is not established by clear and convincing evidence to have survived the event by one hundred twenty hours is deemed to have predeceased the event.
C. Except as provided in Subsection D of this section:
(1) if it is not established by clear and convincing evidence that one of two co-owners with right of survivorship survived the other co-owner by one hundred twenty hours, one-half of the property passes as if one had survived by one hundred twenty hours and one-half as if the other had survived by one hundred twenty hours; and
(2) if there are more than two co-owners and it is not established by clear and convincing evidence that at least one of them survived the others by one hundred twenty hours, the property passes in the proportion that one bears to the whole number of co-owners.
For the purposes of this subsection, "co-owners with right of survivorship" includes joint tenants and other co-owners of property or accounts held under circumstances that entitles one or more to the whole of the property or account on the death of the other or others.
D. Survival by one hundred twenty hours is not required if:
(1) the governing instrument contains language dealing explicitly with simultaneous deaths or deaths in a common disaster and that language is operable under the facts of the case;
(2) the governing instrument expressly indicates that an individual is not required to survive an event, including the death of another individual, by any specified period or expressly requires the individual to survive the event by a specified period, but survival of the event or specified period must be established by clear and convincing evidence;
(3) the imposition of a one-hundred-twenty-hour requirement of survival would cause a nonvested property interest or a power of appointment to fail to qualify for validity pursuant to the provisions of Paragraph (1) of Subsection A, Paragraph (1) of Subsection B or Paragraph (1) of Subsection C of Section 45-2-901 NMSA 1978 or to become invalid pursuant to the provisions of Paragraph (2) of Subsection A, Paragraph (2) of Subsection B or Paragraph (2) of Subsection C of Section 45-2-901 NMSA 1978, but survival must be established by clear and convincing evidence; or
(4) the application of a one-hundred-twenty-hour requirement of survival to multiple governing instruments would result in an unintended failure or duplication of a disposition, but survival must be established by clear and convincing evidence.
E. A payor or other third party is not liable for having made a payment or transferred an item of property or any other benefit to a beneficiary designated in a governing instrument who, under this section, is not entitled to the payment or item of property or for having taken any other action in good faith reliance on the beneficiary's apparent entitlement under the terms of the governing instrument before the payor or other third party received written notice of a claimed lack of entitlement under this section. A payor or other third party is liable for a payment made or other action taken after the payor or other third party received written notice of a claimed lack of entitlement under this section.
Written notice of a claimed lack of entitlement pursuant to the provisions of this subsection must be mailed to the payor's or other third party's main office or home by registered or certified mail, return receipt requested, or served upon the payor or other third party in the same manner as a summons in a civil action. Upon receipt of written notice of a claimed lack of entitlement under this section, a payor or other third party may pay any amount owed or transfer or deposit any item of property held by it to or with the court having jurisdiction of the probate proceedings relating to the decedent's estate, or if no proceedings have been commenced, to or with the court having jurisdiction of probate proceedings relating to decedents' estates located in the county of the decedent's residence. The court shall hold the funds or item of property and, upon its determination under this section, shall order disbursement in accordance with the determination. Payments, transfers or deposits made to or with the court discharge the payor or other third party from all claims for the value of amounts paid to or items of property transferred to or deposited with the court.
F. A person who purchases property for value and without notice or who receives a payment or other item of property in partial or full satisfaction of a legally enforceable obligation is neither obligated under this section to return the payment, item of property or benefit nor is liable under this section for the amount of the payment or the value of the item of property or benefit. But a person who, not for value, receives a payment, item of property or any other benefit to which the person is not entitled under this section is obligated to return the payment, item of property or benefit or is personally liable for the amount of the payment or the value of the item of property or benefit to the person who is entitled to it under this section.
G. If this section or any part of this section is pre-empted by federal law with respect to a payment, an item of property or any other benefit covered by this section, a person who, not for value, receives the payment, item of property or any other benefit to which the person is not entitled under this section is obligated to return the payment, item of property or benefit or is personally liable for the amount of the payment or the value of the item of property or benefit to the person who would have been entitled to it were this section or part of this section not pre-empted.
History: 1978 Comp., § 45-2-702, enacted by Laws 1993, ch. 174, § 50; 1995, ch. 210, § 15.
ANNOTATIONSThe 1995 amendment, effective July 1, 1995, deleted "except for purposes of Chapter 45, Article 6, Part 3 NMSA 1978 and" following "Uniform Probate Code" in Subsection A; deleted "and except for a security registered in beneficiary form (TOD) pursuant to the provisions of Chapter 45, Article 6, Part 3 NMSA 1978" following "this section" near the beginning of Subsection B; and, in Subsection D, substituted "Survival by one hundred twenty hours is not required" for "This section does not apply" at the beginning, added the language beginning "but survival" at the end of Paragraphs (2), (3) and (4), and substituted "a one-hundred-twenty-hour requirement of survival" for "this section" in Paragraph (4).
Law reviews. — For article, "Intestate Succession and Wills Law: The New Probate Code," see 6 N.M.L. Rev. 25 (1975).
Am. Jur. 2d, A.L.R. and C.J.S. references. — 80 Am. Jur. 2d Wills § 1699.
Decree directing distribution of estate to person who is dead, 25 A.L.R. 1563.
Time interval contemplated by provision of will or of statute of descent and distribution with reference to death of two persons simultaneously or approximately at same time, 173 A.L.R. 1254.
Validity, construction, and application of statutory requirement that will beneficiary survive testator for specified time, 88 A.L.R.3d 1339.
Relinquishment of interest by life beneficiary in possession as accelerating remainder of which there is substitutional gift in case primary remainderman does not survive life beneficiary, 7 A.L.R.4th 1084.
96 C.J.S. Wills § 719.