12A:9-625 Remedies for secured party's failure to comply with chapter.
12A:9-625. Remedies for Secured Party's Failure to Comply with Chapter.
(a) Judicial orders concerning noncompliance. If it is established that a secured party is not proceeding in accordance with this chapter, a court may order or restrain collection, enforcement, or disposition of collateral on appropriate terms and conditions.
(b) Damages for noncompliance. Subject to subsections (c), (d) and (f), a person is liable for damages in the amount of any loss caused by a failure to comply with this chapter. Loss caused by a failure to comply may include loss resulting from the debtor's inability to obtain, or increased costs of, alternative financing.
(c) Persons entitled to recover damages; statutory damages if collateral is consumer goods. Except as otherwise provided in 12A:9-628:
(1) a person that, at the time of the failure, was a debtor, was an obligor, or held a security interest in or other lien on the collateral may recover damages under subsection (b) for its loss; and
(2) if the collateral is consumer goods, a person that was a debtor or a secondary obligor at the time a secured party failed to comply with this part may recover for that failure in any event an amount not less than the credit service charge plus 10 percent of the principal amount of the obligation or the time-price differential plus 10 percent of the cash price.
(d) Recovery when deficiency eliminated or reduced. A debtor whose deficiency is eliminated under 12A:9-626 may recover damages for the loss of any surplus. However, a debtor or secondary obligor whose deficiency is eliminated or reduced under 12A:9-626 may not otherwise recover under subsection (b) for noncompliance with the provisions of this part relating to collection, enforcement, disposition, or acceptance.
(e) Statutory damages: noncompliance with specified provisions. In addition to any damages recoverable under subsection (b), the debtor, consumer obligor, or person named as a debtor in a filed record, as applicable, may recover $500 in each case from a person that:
(1) fails to comply with 12A:9-207;
(2) fails to comply with 12A:9-208;
(3) files a record that the person is not entitled to file under 12A:9-509 (a);
(4) fails to cause the secured party of record to file or send a termination statement as required by 12A:9-513 (a) or (c);
(5) fails to comply with 12A:9-616 (b) (1) and whose failure is part of a pattern, or consistent with a practice, of noncompliance; or
(6) fails to comply with 12A:9-616 (b) (2).
(f) Statutory damages: noncompliance with 12A:9-210. A debtor or consumer obligor may recover damages under subsection (b) and, in addition, $500 in each case from a person that, without reasonable cause, fails to comply with a request under 12A:9-210. A recipient of a request under 12A:9-210 which never claimed an interest in the collateral or obligations that are the subject of a request under that section has a reasonable excuse for failure to comply with the request within the meaning of this subsection.
(g) Limitation of security interest: noncompliance with 12A:9-210. If a secured party fails to comply with a request regarding a list of collateral or a statement of account under 12A:9-210, the secured party may claim a security interest only as shown in the list or statement included in the request as against a person that is reasonably misled by the failure.
(h) Additional damages for fraudulent filings: any current or former officer or employee of any federal, state, county, or other local governmental unit, including members of the Legislative Branch, Executive Branch, Judicial Branch, and all law enforcement entities, or the current or former officer's or employee's immediate family or estate injured by a filing that relates to the performance or non-performance of the officer's or employee's public duties, and for which the filer does not hold a properly executed security agreement or judgment from a court of competent jurisdiction or for which the initial filer was not entitled to file the initial financing statement under 12A:9-509, may bring a civil action in the Superior Court against the person or entity who filed or recorded the injuring documents. Upon a finding that a filing is false or contains any materially false, fictitious, or fraudulent statement or representation, or with the intent to harass, hinder, defraud, retaliate against, or in any way impede the performance of that officer's or employee's duties, the court may do any one or more of the following:
(1) order the defendant to pay a sum of not less than $2000 for each fraudulent filing, or the actual damages caused by the filing or recording, whichever is greater;
(2) enjoin the defendant from filing any future liens, encumbrances, court actions, or claims against persons specified by the court without approval of the court;
(3) award the defendant court costs and reasonable attorney's fees; or
(4) order any other relief as is required to clear title to the real or personal property.
amended 2015, c.59, s.6.