Sec. 20191.
(1) If a police officer, fire fighter, individual licensed under section 20950 or 20952, or another individual assists an emergency patient who is subsequently transported to a health facility or transports an emergency patient to a health facility, and if the emergency patient, as part of the treatment rendered by the health facility or pursuant to a request made under subsection (2), is tested for the presence in the emergency patient of an infectious agent and the test results are positive, or is tested pursuant to a request made under subsection (2) for the presence in the emergency patient of the infectious agent of HIV or HBV and the test results are positive or negative, the health facility shall do all of the following:
(a) Subject to subsection (4) and subdivision (b), if the test results are positive for an infectious agent and the individual meets 1 of the following requirements, notify the individual on a form provided by the department that he or she may have been exposed to an infectious agent and, if the test results of a test conducted pursuant to subsection (2) are negative for the infectious agent of HIV or HBV, notify the individual of that fact:
(i) The individual is a police officer, fire fighter, or individual licensed under section 20950 or 20952.
(ii) The individual demonstrates in writing to the health facility that he or she was exposed to the blood, body fluids, or airborne agents of the emergency patient or participated in providing assistance to the emergency patient or transportation of the emergency patient to the health facility. An individual who makes a request under subsection (2) is exempt from the requirements of this subparagraph.
(b) Subject to subsection (4), if the test results indicate that the emergency patient is HIV infected, the health facility shall not reveal that the infectious agent is HIV unless the health facility has received a written request for notification from an individual described in subdivision (a)(i) or (ii). This subdivision does not apply if the test results indicate that the emergency patient is not HIV infected.
(c) Subject to subsection (4), on a form provided by the department, notify the individual described in subdivision (a), at a minimum, of the appropriate infection control precautions to be taken and the approximate date of the potential exposure. If the emergency patient is tested pursuant to a request made under subsection (2) for the presence in the emergency patient of the infectious agent of HIV or HBV, or both, and if the test results are positive or negative, the health facility also shall notify the individual described in subdivision (a) on the form provided by the department that he or she should be tested for HIV infection or HBV infection, or both, and counseled regarding both infectious agents.
(2) A police officer, fire fighter, individual licensed under section 20950 or 20952, or other individual who assists an emergency patient who is subsequently transported to a health facility or who transports an emergency patient to a health facility and who sustains a percutaneous, mucous membrane, or open wound exposure to the blood or body fluids of the emergency patient may request that the emergency patient be tested for HIV infection or HBV infection, or both, pursuant to this subsection. The police officer, fire fighter, individual licensed under section 20950 or 20952, or other individual shall make a request to a health facility under this subsection in writing on a form provided by the department and before the emergency patient is discharged from the health facility. The request form shall be dated and shall contain at a minimum the name and address of the individual making the request and a description of the individual's exposure to the emergency patient's blood or other body fluids. The request form shall contain a space for the information required under subsection (3) and a statement that the requester is subject to the confidentiality requirements of subsection (5) and section 5131. The request form shall not contain information that would identify the emergency patient by name. A health facility that receives a request under this subsection shall accept as fact the requester's description of his or her exposure to the emergency patient's blood or other body fluids, unless the health facility has reasonable cause to believe otherwise. The health facility shall make a determination as to whether or not the exposure described in the request was a percutaneous, mucous membrane, or open wound exposure pursuant to R 325.70001 to R 325.70018 of the Michigan administrative code. If the health facility determines that the exposure described in the request was a percutaneous, mucous membrane, or open wound exposure, the health facility shall test the emergency patient for HIV infection or HBV infection, or both, as indicated in the request. A health facility that performs a test under this subsection may charge the individual requesting the test for the reasonable and customary charges of the test. The individual requesting the test is responsible for the payment of the charges if the charges are not payable by the individual's employer, pursuant to an agreement between the individual and the employer, or by the individual's health care payment or benefits plan. A health facility is not required to provide HIV counseling pursuant to section 5133(1) to an individual who requests that an emergency patient be tested for HIV under this subsection, unless the health facility tests the requesting individual for HIV.
(3) A health facility shall comply with this subsection if the health facility receives a request under subsection (2) and determines either that there is reasonable cause to disbelieve the requester's description of his or her exposure or that the exposure was not a percutaneous, mucous membrane, or open wound exposure and as a result of the determination the health facility is not required to test the emergency patient for HIV infection or HBV infection, or both. A health facility shall also comply with this subsection if the health facility receives a request under subsection (2) and determines that the exposure was a percutaneous, mucous membrane, or open wound exposure, but is unable to test the emergency patient for HIV infection or HBV infection, or both. The health facility shall state in writing on the request form the reasons for disbelieving the requester's description of his or her exposure, the health facility's exposure determination, or the inability to test the emergency patient, as applicable. The health facility shall transmit a copy of the completed request form to the requesting individual within 2 days after the date the determination is made that the health facility has reasonable cause to disbelieve the requester's description of his or her exposure or that the exposure was not a percutaneous, mucous membrane, or open wound exposure or within 2 days after the date the health facility determines that it is unable to test the emergency patient for HIV infection or HBV infection, or both.
(4) The notification required under subsection (1) shall occur within 2 days after the test results are obtained by the health facility or after receipt of a written request under subsection (1)(b). The notification shall be transmitted to the potentially exposed individual or, upon request of the individual, to the individual's primary care physician or other health professional designated by the individual, as follows:
(a) If the potentially exposed individual provides his or her name and address or the name and address of the individual's primary care physician or other health professional designated by the individual to the health facility or if the health facility has a procedure that allows the health facility in the ordinary course of its business to determine the individual's name and address or the name and address of the individual's primary care physician or other health professional designated by the individual, the health facility shall notify the individual or the individual's primary care physician or other health professional designated by the individual directly at that address.
(b) If the potentially exposed individual is a police officer, fire fighter, or individual licensed under section 20950 or 20952, and if the health facility does not have the name of the potentially exposed individual or the individual's primary care physician or other health professional designated by the individual, the health facility shall notify the appropriate police department, fire department, or life support agency that employs or dispatches the individual. If the health facility is unable to determine the employer of an individual described in this subdivision, the health facility shall notify the medical control authority or chief elected official of the governmental unit that has jurisdiction over the transporting vehicle.
(c) A medical control authority or chief elected official described in subdivision (b) shall notify the potentially exposed individual or the individual's primary care physician or other health professional designated by the individual or, if unable to notify the potentially exposed individual or the individual's primary care physician or other health professional designated by the individual, shall document in writing the notification efforts and reasons for being unable to make the notification.
(5) The notice required under subsection (1) shall not contain information that would identify the emergency patient who tested positive for an infectious agent or who tested positive or negative for the presence in the emergency patient of the infectious agent of HIV or HBV. The information contained in the notice is confidential and is subject to this section, the rules promulgated under section 5111, and section 5131. A person who receives confidential information under this section shall disclose the information to others only to the extent consistent with the authorized purpose for which the information was obtained.
(6) The department shall promulgate rules to administer this section. The department shall develop and distribute the forms required under subsections (1)(a) and (c) and (2).
(7) Except as otherwise provided in this subsection, a person who discloses information regarding an infectious agent in violation of subsection (5) is guilty of a misdemeanor. This subsection does not apply to the disclosure of information regarding a serious communicable disease or infection, if the disclosure is subject to rules promulgated under section 5111 or to section 5131.
(8) A person or governmental entity that makes a good faith effort to comply with subsection (1), (2), (3), or (4) is immune from any civil liability or criminal penalty based on compliance or the failure to comply.
(9) As used in this section:
(a) "Emergency patient" means an individual who is transported to an organized emergency department located in and operated by a hospital licensed under this article or a facility other than a hospital that is routinely available for the general care of medical patients.
(b) "HBV" means hepatitis B virus.
(c) "HBV infected" or "HBV infection" means the status of an individual who is tested as HBsAg-positive.
(d) "Health facility" means a health facility or agency as defined in section 20106.
(e) "HIV" means human immunodeficiency virus.
(f) "HIV infected" means that term as defined in section 5101.
(g) "Infectious agent" means that term as defined in R 325.9031 of the Michigan administrative code.
(h) "Life support agency" means that term as defined in section 20906.
(i) "Serious communicable disease or infection" means that term as defined in section 5101.
History: Add. 1988, Act 490, Eff. Mar. 30, 1989 ;-- Am. 1990, Act 179, Imd. Eff. July 2, 1990 ;-- Am. 1994, Act 419, Eff. Mar 30, 1995 ;-- Am. 2010, Act 119, Imd. Eff. July 13, 2010
Popular Name: Act 368