Sec. 20155.
(1) Except as otherwise provided in this section and section 20155a, the department shall make at least 1 visit to each licensed health facility or agency every 3 years for survey and evaluation for the purpose of licensure. A visit made according to a complaint shall be unannounced. Except for a county medical care facility, a home for the aged, a nursing home, or a hospice residence, the department shall determine whether the visits that are not made according to a complaint are announced or unannounced. The department shall ensure that each newly hired nursing home surveyor, as part of his or her basic training, is assigned full-time to a licensed nursing home for at least 10 days within a 14-day period to observe actual operations outside of the survey process before the trainee begins oversight responsibilities.
(2) The department shall establish a process that ensures both of the following:
(a) A newly hired nursing home surveyor does not make independent compliance decisions during his or her training period.
(b) A nursing home surveyor is not assigned as a member of a survey team for a nursing home in which he or she received training for 1 standard survey following the training received in that nursing home.
(3) The department shall perform a criminal history check on all nursing home surveyors in the manner provided for in section 20173a.
(4) A member of a survey team must not be employed by a licensed nursing home or a nursing home management company doing business in this state at the time of conducting a survey under this section. The department shall not assign an individual to be a member of a survey team for purposes of a survey, evaluation, or consultation visit at a nursing home in which he or she was an employee within the preceding 3 years.
(5) The department shall invite representatives from all nursing home provider organizations and the state long-term care ombudsman or his or her designee to participate in the planning process for the joint provider and surveyor training sessions. The department shall include at least 1 representative from nursing home provider organizations that do not own or operate a nursing home representing 30 or more nursing homes statewide in internal surveyor group quality assurance training provided for the purpose of general clarification and interpretation of existing or new regulatory requirements and expectations.
(6) The department shall make available online the general civil service position description related to the required qualifications for individual surveyors. The department shall use the required qualifications to hire, educate, develop, and evaluate surveyors.
(7) The department shall ensure that each annual survey team is composed of an interdisciplinary group of professionals, 1 of whom must be a registered nurse. Other members may include social workers, therapists, dietitians, pharmacists, administrators, physicians, sanitarians, and others who may have the expertise necessary to evaluate specific aspects of nursing home operation.
(8) The department shall semiannually provide for joint training with nursing home surveyors and providers on at least 1 of the 10 most frequently issued federal citations in this state during the past calendar year. The department shall develop a protocol for the review of citation patterns compared to regional outcomes and standards and complaints regarding the nursing home survey process. The department shall include the review under this subsection in the report required under subsection (20). Except as otherwise provided in this subsection, each member of a department nursing home survey team who is a health professional licensee under article 15 shall earn not less than 50% of his or her required continuing education credits, if any, in geriatric care. If a member of a nursing home survey team is a pharmacist licensed under article 15, he or she shall earn not less than 30% of his or her required continuing education credits in geriatric care.
(9) Subject to subsection (12), the department may waive the visit required by subsection (1) if a health facility or agency, requests a waiver and submits the following as applicable and if all of the requirements of subsection (11) are met:
(a) Evidence that it is currently fully accredited by a body with expertise in the health facility or agency type and the accrediting organization is accepted by the United States Department of Health and Human Services for purposes of section 1865 of the social security act, 42 USC 1395bb.
(b) A copy of the most recent accreditation report, or executive summary, issued by a body described in subdivision (a), and the health facility's or agency's responses to the accreditation report is submitted to the department at least 30 days from license renewal. Submission of an executive summary does not prevent or prohibit the department from requesting the entire accreditation report if the department considers it necessary.
(c) For a nursing home, a standard federal certification survey conducted within the immediately preceding 9 to 15 months that shows substantial compliance or has an accepted plan of correction, if applicable.
(10) Except as otherwise provided in subsection (14), accreditation information provided to the department under subsection (9) is confidential, is not a public record, and is not subject to court subpoena. The department shall use the accreditation information only as provided in this section and properly destroy the documentation after a decision on the waiver request is made.
(11) The department shall grant a waiver under subsection (9) if the accreditation report submitted under subsection (9)(b) is less than 3 years old or the standard federal survey submitted under subsection (9)(c) is less than 15 months old and there is no indication of substantial noncompliance with licensure standards or of deficiencies that represent a threat to public safety or patient care. If the accreditation report or standard federal survey is too old, the department may deny the waiver request and conduct the visits required under subsection (9). Denial of a waiver request by the department is not subject to appeal.
(12) This section does not prohibit the department from citing a violation of this part during a survey, conducting investigations or inspections according to section 20156, or conducting surveys of health facilities or agencies for the purpose of complaint investigations or federal certification. This section does not prohibit the bureau of fire services created in section 1b of the fire prevention code, 1941 PA 207, MCL 29.1b, from conducting annual surveys of hospitals, nursing homes, and county medical care facilities.
(13) At the request of a health facility or agency, the department may conduct a consultation engineering survey of a health facility and provide professional advice and consultation regarding health facility construction and design. A health facility or agency may request a voluntary consultation survey under this subsection at any time between licensure surveys. The fees for a consultation engineering survey are the same as the fees established for waivers under section 20161(8).
(14) If the department determines that substantial noncompliance with licensure standards exists or that deficiencies that represent a threat to public safety or patient care exist based on a review of an accreditation report submitted under subsection (9)(b), the department shall prepare a written summary of the substantial noncompliance or deficiencies and the health facility's or agency's response to the department's determination. The department's written summary and the health facility's or agency's response are public documents.
(15) The department or a local health department shall conduct investigations or inspections, other than inspections of financial records, of a county medical care facility, home for the aged, nursing home, or hospice residence without prior notice to the health facility or agency. An employee of a state agency charged with investigating or inspecting the health facility or agency or an employee of a local health department who directly or indirectly gives prior notice regarding an investigation or an inspection, other than an inspection of the financial records, to the health facility or agency or to an employee of the health facility or agency, is guilty of a misdemeanor. Consultation visits that are not for the purpose of annual or follow-up inspection or survey may be announced.
(16) The department shall maintain a record indicating whether a visit and inspection is announced or unannounced. Survey findings gathered at each health facility or agency during each visit and inspection, whether announced or unannounced, shall be taken into account in licensure decisions.
(17) The department shall require periodic reports and a health facility or agency shall give the department access to books, records, and other documents maintained by a health facility or agency to the extent necessary to carry out the purpose of this article and the rules promulgated under this article. The department shall not divulge or disclose the contents of the patient's clinical records in a manner that identifies an individual except under court order. The department may copy health facility or agency records as required to document findings. Surveyors shall use electronic resident information, whenever available, as a source of survey-related data and shall request facility assistance to access the system to maximize data export.
(18) The department may delegate survey, evaluation, or consultation functions to another state agency or to a local health department qualified to perform those functions. The department shall not delegate survey, evaluation, or consultation functions to a local health department that owns or operates a hospice or hospice residence licensed under this article. The department shall delegate under this subsection by cost reimbursement contract between the department and the state agency or local health department. The department shall not delegate survey, evaluation, or consultation functions to nongovernmental agencies, except as provided in this section. The voluntary inspection described in this subsection must be agreed upon by both the licensee and the department.
(19) If, upon investigation, the department or a state agency determines that an individual licensed to practice a profession in this state has violated the applicable licensure statute or the rules promulgated under that statute, the department, state agency, or local health department shall forward the evidence it has to the appropriate licensing agency.
(20) The department may consolidate all information provided for any report required under this section and section 20155a into a single report. The department shall report to the appropriations subcommittees, the senate and house of representatives standing committees having jurisdiction over issues involving senior citizens, and the fiscal agencies on March 1 of each year on the initial and follow-up surveys conducted on all nursing homes in this state. The department shall include all of the following information in the report:
(a) The number of surveys conducted.
(b) The number requiring follow-up surveys.
(c) The average number of citations per nursing home for the most recent calendar year.
(d) The number of night and weekend complaints filed.
(e) The number of night and weekend responses to complaints conducted by the department.
(f) The average length of time for the department to respond to a complaint filed against a nursing home.
(g) The number and percentage of citations disputed through informal dispute resolution and independent informal dispute resolution.
(h) The number and percentage of citations overturned or modified, or both.
(i) The review of citation patterns developed under subsection (8).
(j) Information regarding the progress made on implementing the administrative and electronic support structure to efficiently coordinate all nursing home licensing and certification functions.
(k) The number of annual standard surveys of nursing homes that were conducted during a period of open survey or enforcement cycle.
(l) The number of abbreviated complaint surveys that were not conducted on consecutive surveyor workdays.
(m) The percent of all form CMS-2567 reports of findings that were released to the nursing home within the 10-working-day requirement.
(n) The percent of provider notifications of acceptance or rejection of a plan of correction that were released to the nursing home within the 10-working-day requirement.
(o) The percent of first revisits that were completed within 60 days from the date of survey completion.
(p) The percent of second revisits that were completed within 85 days from the date of survey completion.
(q) The percent of letters of compliance notification to the nursing home that were released within 10 working days of the date of the completion of the revisit.
(r) A summary of the discussions from the meetings required in subsection (24).
(s) The number of nursing homes that participated in a recognized quality improvement program as described under section 20155a(3).
(21) The department shall report March 1 of each year to the standing committees on appropriations and the standing committees having jurisdiction over issues involving senior citizens in the senate and the house of representatives on all of the following:
(a) The percentage of nursing home citations that are appealed through the informal dispute resolution process.
(b) The number and percentage of nursing home citations that are appealed and supported, amended, or deleted through the informal dispute resolution process.
(c) A summary of the quality assurance review of the amended citations and related survey retraining efforts to improve consistency among surveyors and across the survey administrative unit that occurred in the year being reported.
(22) Subject to subsection (23), a clarification work group comprised of the department in consultation with a nursing home resident or a member of a nursing home resident's family, nursing home provider groups, the American Medical Directors Association, the state long-term care ombudsman, and the federal Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services shall clarify the following terms as those terms are used in title XVIII and title XIX and applied by the department to provide more consistent regulation of nursing homes in this state:
(a) Immediate jeopardy.
(b) Harm.
(c) Potential harm.
(d) Avoidable.
(e) Unavoidable.
(23) All of the following clarifications developed under subsection (22) apply for purposes of subsection (22):
(a) Specifically, the term "immediate jeopardy" means a situation in which immediate corrective action is necessary because the nursing home's noncompliance with 1 or more requirements of participation has caused or is likely to cause serious injury, harm, impairment, or death to a resident receiving care in a nursing home.
(b) The likelihood of immediate jeopardy is reasonably higher if there is evidence of a flagrant failure by the nursing home to comply with a peer-reviewed, evidence-based, nationally recognized clinical process guideline than if the nursing home has substantially and continuously complied with peer-reviewed, evidence-based, nationally recognized guidelines. If federal regulations and guidelines are not clear, and if the clinical process guidelines have been recognized, a process failure giving rise to an immediate jeopardy may involve an egregious widespread or repeated process failure and the absence of reasonable efforts to detect and prevent the process failure.
(c) In determining whether or not there is immediate jeopardy, the survey agency should consider at least all of the following:
(i) Whether the nursing home could reasonably have been expected to know about the deficient practice and to stop it, but did not stop the deficient practice.
(ii) Whether the nursing home could reasonably have been expected to identify the deficient practice and to correct it, but did not correct the deficient practice.
(iii) Whether the nursing home could reasonably have been expected to anticipate that serious injury, serious harm, impairment, or death might result from continuing the deficient practice, but did not so anticipate.
(iv) Whether the nursing home could reasonably have been expected to know that a widely accepted high-risk practice is or could be problematic, but did not know.
(v) Whether the nursing home could reasonably have been expected to detect the process problem in a more timely fashion, but did not so detect.
(d) The existence of 1 or more of the factors described in subdivision (c), and especially the existence of 3 or more of those factors simultaneously, may lead to a conclusion that the situation is one in which the nursing home's practice makes adverse events likely to occur if immediate intervention is not undertaken, and therefore constitutes immediate jeopardy. If none of the factors described in subdivision (c) is present, the situation may involve harm or potential harm that is not immediate jeopardy.
(e) Specifically, "actual harm" means a negative outcome to a resident that has compromised the resident's ability to maintain or reach, or both, his or her highest practicable physical, mental, and psychosocial well-being as defined by an accurate and comprehensive resident assessment, plan of care, and provision of services. Harm does not include a deficient practice that only may cause or has caused limited consequences to the resident.
(f) For purposes of subdivision (e), in determining whether a negative outcome is of limited consequence, if the "state operations manual" or "the guidance to surveyors" published by the federal Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services does not provide specific guidance, the department may consider whether most people in similar circumstances would feel that the damage was of such short duration or impact as to be inconsequential or trivial. In such a case, the consequence of a negative outcome may be considered more limited if it occurs in the context of overall procedural consistency with a peer-reviewed, evidence-based, nationally recognized clinical process guideline, as compared to a substantial inconsistency with or variance from the guideline.
(g) For purposes of subdivision (e), if the publications described in subdivision (f) do not provide specific guidance, the department may consider the degree of a nursing home's adherence to a peer-reviewed, evidence-based, nationally recognized clinical process guideline in considering whether the degree of compromise and future risk to the resident constitutes actual harm. The risk of significant compromise to the resident may be considered greater in the context of substantial deviation from the guidelines than in the case of overall adherence.
(h) To improve consistency and to avoid disputes over avoidable and unavoidable negative outcomes, nursing homes and survey agencies must have a common understanding of accepted process guidelines and of the circumstances under which it can reasonably be said that certain actions or inactions will lead to avoidable negative outcomes. If the "state operations manual" or "the guidance to surveyors" published by the federal Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services is not specific, a nursing home's overall documentation of adherence to a peer-reviewed, evidence-based, nationally recognized clinical process guideline with a process indicator is relevant information in considering whether a negative outcome was avoidable or unavoidable and may be considered in the application of that term.
(24) The department shall conduct a quarterly meeting and invite appropriate stakeholders. The department shall invite as appropriate stakeholders under this subsection at least 1 representative from each nursing home provider organization that does not own or operate a nursing home representing 30 or more nursing homes statewide, the state long-term care ombudsman or his or her designee, and any other clinical experts. Individuals who participate in these quarterly meetings, jointly with the department, may designate advisory workgroups to develop recommendations on the discussion topics that should include, at a minimum, all of the following:
(a) Opportunities for enhanced promotion of nursing home performance, including, but not limited to, programs that encourage and reward providers that strive for excellence.
(b) Seeking quality improvement to the survey and enforcement process, including clarifications to process-related policies and protocols that include, but are not limited to, all of the following:
(i) Improving the surveyors' quality and preparedness.
(ii) Enhanced communication between regulators, surveyors, providers, and consumers.
(iii) Ensuring fair enforcement and dispute resolution by identifying methods or strategies that may resolve identified problems or concerns.
(c) Promoting transparency across provider and surveyor communities, including, but not limited to, all of the following:
(i) Applying regulations in a consistent manner and evaluating changes that have been implemented to resolve identified problems and concerns.
(ii) Providing consumers with information regarding changes in policy and interpretation.
(iii) Identifying positive and negative trends and factors contributing to those trends in the areas of resident care, deficient practices, and enforcement.
(d) Clinical process guidelines.
(25) A nursing home shall use peer-reviewed, evidence-based, nationally recognized clinical process guidelines or peer-reviewed, evidence-based, best-practice resources to develop and implement resident care policies and compliance protocols with measurable outcomes specifically in the following clinical practice areas:
(a) Use of bed rails.
(b) Adverse drug effects.
(c) Prevention of falls.
(d) Prevention of pressure ulcers.
(e) Nutrition and hydration.
(f) Pain management.
(g) Depression and depression pharmacotherapy.
(h) Heart failure.
(i) Urinary incontinence.
(j) Dementia care.
(k) Osteoporosis.
(l) Altered mental states.
(m) Physical and chemical restraints.
(n) Person-centered care principles.
(26) In an area of clinical practice that is not listed in subsection (25), a nursing home may use peer-reviewed, evidence-based, nationally recognized clinical process guidelines or peer-reviewed, evidence-based, best-practice resources to develop and implement resident care policies and compliance protocols with measurable outcomes to promote performance excellence.
(27) The department shall consider recommendations from an advisory workgroup created under subsection (24). The department may include training on new and revised peer-reviewed, evidence-based, nationally recognized clinical process guidelines or peer-reviewed, evidence-based, best-practice resources, which contain measurable outcomes, in the joint provider and surveyor training sessions to assist provider efforts toward improved regulatory compliance and performance excellence and to foster a common understanding of accepted peer-reviewed, evidence-based, best-practice resources between providers and the survey agency. The department shall post on its website all peer-reviewed, evidence-based, nationally recognized clinical process guidelines and peer-reviewed, evidence-based, best-practice resources used in a training session under this subsection for provider, surveyor, and public reference.
(28) Representatives from each nursing home provider organization that does not own or operate a nursing home representing 30 or more nursing homes statewide and the state long-term care ombudsman or his or her designee are permanent members of a clinical advisory workgroup created under subsection (24). The department shall issue survey certification memorandums to providers to announce or clarify changes in the interpretation of regulations.
(29) The department shall maintain the process by which the director of the long-term care division or his or her designee reviews and authorizes the issuance of a citation for immediate jeopardy or substandard quality of care before the statement of deficiencies is made final. The review must assure the consistent and accurate application of federal and state survey protocols and defined regulatory standards. As used in this subsection, "immediate jeopardy" and "substandard quality of care" mean those terms as defined by the federal Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services.
(30) Upon availability of funds, the department shall give grants, awards, or other recognition to nursing homes to encourage the rapid development and implementation of resident care policies and compliance protocols that are created from peer-reviewed, evidence-based, nationally recognized clinical process guidelines or peer-reviewed, evidence-based, best-practice resources with measurable outcomes to promote performance excellence.
(31) A nursing home shall post the nursing home's survey report in a conspicuous place within the nursing home for public review.
(32) Nothing in this section limits the requirements of related state and federal law.
(33) As used in this section:
(a) "Consecutive days" means calendar days, but does not include Saturday, Sunday, or state- or federally-recognized holidays.
(b) "Form CMS-2567" means the federal Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services' form for the statement of deficiencies and plan of correction or a successor form serving the same purpose.
(c) "Title XVIII" means title XVIII of the social security act, 42 USC 1395 to 1395lll.
(d) "Title XIX" means title XIX of the social security act, 42 USC 1396 to 1396w-5.
History: 1978, Act 368, Eff. Sept. 30, 1978 ;-- Am. 1978, Act 493, Eff. Mar. 30, 1979 ;-- Am. 1981, Act 111, Imd. Eff. July 17, 1981 ;-- Am. 1982, Act 474, Eff. Mar. 30, 1983 ;-- Am. 1992, Act 80, Imd. Eff. June 2, 1992 ;-- Am. 1996, Act 267, Imd. Eff. June 12, 1996 ;-- Am. 2000, Act 170, Imd. Eff. June 20, 2000 ;-- Am. 2000, Act 171, Imd. Eff. June 20, 2000 ;-- Am. 2001, Act 218, Imd. Eff. Dec. 28, 2001 ;-- Am. 2006, Act 195, Imd. Eff. June 19, 2006 ;-- Am. 2012, Act 322, Imd. Eff. Oct. 9, 2012 ;-- Am. 2015, Act 104, Eff. Oct. 1, 2015 ;-- Am. 2015, Act 155, Eff. Jan. 18, 2016
Compiler's Notes: For transfer of the clinical advisory committee to the department of community health, and abolishment of the committee, see E.R.O. No. 2009-6, compiled at MCL 333.26329.
Popular Name: Act 368
Admin Rule: R 325.3801 et seq. of the Michigan Administrative Code.