Business Corporations

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  2. Massachusetts General Laws
  3. Administration of the Government
  4. Corporations
  5. Business Corporations

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Section
1.01

Short Title

Section
1.02

Reservation of Power to Amend or Repeal

Section
1.20

Filing Requirements

Section
1.21

Forms

Section
1.22

Filing, Service and Copying Fees

Section
1.23

Effective Time and Date of Document

Section
1.24

Correcting Filed Document

Section
1.25

Filing Duty of Secretary of State

Section
1.26

Appeal From Secretary of State's Refusal to File Document

Section
1.27

Evidentiary Effect of Copy of Filed Document

Section
1.28

Certificates Regarding Corporations

Section
1.29

Penalty for Signing False Document

Section
1.30

Powers

Section
1.40

Chapter Definitions

Section
1.41

Notice

Section
1.42

Number of Shareholders

Section
1.50

Interpretation of Chapter

Section
2.01

Incorporators

Section
2.02

Articles of Organization

Section
2.03

Incorporation

Section
2.04

Liability for Pre-Incorporation Transactions

Section
2.05

Organization of Corporation

Section
2.06

Bylaws

Section
2.07

Emergency Bylaws

Section
3.01

Purposes

Section
3.02

General Powers

Section
3.03

Emergency Powers

Section
3.04

Ultra Vires

Section
4.01

Corporate Name

Section
4.02

Reserved Name

Section
5.01

Registered Office and Registered Agent

Section
5.02

Change of Registered Office or Registered Agent

Section
5.03

Resignation of Registered Agent

Section
5.04

Service on Corporation

Section
6.01

Authorized Shares

Section
6.02

Determination of Terms of Class or Series

Section
6.03

Issued and Outstanding Shares

Section
6.04

Fractional Shares

Section
6.20

Subscription for Shares Before Incorporation

Section
6.21

Issuance of Shares

Section
6.22

Liability of Shareholders

Section
6.23

Share Dividends

Section
6.24

Share Options

Section
6.25

Form and Content of Certificates

Section
6.26

Shares Without Certificates

Section
6.27

Restriction on Transfer of Shares and Other Securities

Section
6.30

Shareholders' Preemptive Rights

Section
6.31

Corporation's Acquisition of Its Own Shares

Section
6.40

Distributions to Shareholders

Section
6.41

Liability for Improper Distributions

Section
7.01

Annual Meeting

Section
7.02

Special Meeting

Section
7.03

Court-Ordered Meeting

Section
7.04

Action Without Meeting

Section
7.05

Notice of Meeting

Section
7.06

Waiver of Notice

Section
7.07

Record Date

Section
7.08

Meetings by Remote Communications; Remote Participation in Meetings

Section
7.20

Shareholders List for Meeting

Section
7.21

Voting Entitlement of Shares

Section
7.22

Proxies

Section
7.23

Shares Held by Nominees

Section
7.24

Corporation's Acceptance of Votes

Section
7.25

Quorum and Voting Requirements for Voting Groups

Section
7.26

Action by Single and Multiple Voting Groups

Section
7.27

Greater or Lesser Quorum or Voting Requirements for Shareholders

Section
7.28

Voting for Directors; Cumulative Voting

Section
7.29

Form of Shareholder Action

Section
7.30

Voting Trusts

Section
7.31

Voting Agreements

Section
7.32

Shareholder Agreements

Section
7.40

Subdivision Definitions

Section
7.41

Standing

Section
7.42

Demand

Section
7.43

Stay of Proceedings

Section
7.44

Dismissal

Section
7.45

Discontinuance or Settlement

Section
7.46

Payment of Expenses

Section
7.47

Applicability to Foreign Corporations

Section
8.01

Requirement for and Duties of Board of Directors

Section
8.02

Qualifications of Directors

Section
8.03

Number and Election of Directors

Section
8.04

Election of Directors by Certain Classes of Shareholders

Section
8.05

Terms of Directors Generally

Section
8.06

Staggered Terms for Directors

Section
8.07

Resignation of Directors

Section
8.08

Removal of Directors

Section
8.09

[There Is No 156d:8.09.]

Section
8.10

Vacancy on Board

Section
8.11

Compensation of Directors

Section
8.20

Meetings

Section
8.21

Action Without Meeting

Section
8.22

Notice of Meeting

Section
8.23

Waiver of Notice

Section
8.24

Quorum and Voting

Section
8.25

Committees

Section
8.30

General Standards for Directors

Section
8.31

Director Conflict of Interest

Section
8.32

Loans to Directors

Section
8.40

Required Officers

Section
8.41

Duties of Officers

Section
8.42

Standards of Conduct for Officers

Section
8.43

Resignation and Removal of Officers

Section
8.44

Contract Rights of Officers

Section
8.45

Certificate of Change in Officers or Directors

Section
8.46

Instruments Affecting Real Estate

Section
8.50

Subdivision Definitions

Section
8.51

Permissible Indemnification

Section
8.52

Mandatory Indemnification

Section
8.53

Advance for Expenses

Section
8.54

Court-Ordered Indemnification and Advance for Expenses

Section
8.55

Determination and Authorization of Indemnification

Section
8.56

Officers

Section
8.57

Insurance

Section
8.58

Variation by Corporate Action; Application of Subchapter

Section
8.59

Exclusivity of Subdivision

Section
9.20

Domestication

Section
9.21

Action on a Plan of Domestication

Section
9.22

Articles of Domestication

Section
9.23

Surrender of Charter Upon Domestication

Section
9.24

Effect of Domestication

Section
9.25

Abandonment of a Domestication

Section
9.30

Nonprofit Conversion

Section
9.31

Action on a Plan of Nonprofit Conversion

Section
9.32

Articles of Nonprofit Conversion

Section
9.33

Surrender of Charter Upon Foreign Nonprofit Conversion

Section
9.34

Effect of Nonprofit Conversion

Section
9.35

Abandonment of a Nonprofit Conversion

Section
9.40

Foreign Nonprofit Domestication and Conversion

Section
9.41

Articles of Domestication and Conversion

Section
9.42

Effect of Foreign Nonprofit Domestication and Conversion

Section
9.43

Abandonment of a Foreign Nonprofit Domestication and Conversion

Section
9.50

Entity Conversion Authorized; Definitions

Section
9.51

Plan of Entity Conversion

Section
9.52

Action on a Plan of Entity Conversion

Section
9.53

Articles of Entity Conversion

Section
9.54

Surrender of Charter Upon Conversion

Section
9.55

Effect of Entity Conversion

Section
9.56

Abandonment of an Entity Conversion

Section
10.01

Authority to Amend

Section
10.02

Amendment Before Issuance of Shares

Section
10.03

Amendment by Board of Directors and Shareholders; Exception

Section
10.04

Voting on Amendments by Voting Groups

Section
10.05

Amendment by Board of Directors

Section
10.06

Articles of Amendment

Section
10.07

Restated Articles of Organization

Section
10.08

Effect of Amendment

Section
10.20

Amendment by Board of Directors or Shareholders

Section
10.21

Bylaw Dealing With Quorum or Voting Requirements for Shareholders

Section
10.22

Bylaw Dealing With Quorum or Voting Requirements for Board of Directors

Section
11.01

Definitions

Section
11.02

Merger

Section
11.03

Share Exchange

Section
11.04

Action on a Plan of Merger or Share Exchange

Section
11.05

Merger Between Parent and Subsidiary or Between Subsidiaries

Section
11.06

Articles of Merger or Share Exchange

Section
11.07

Effect of Merger or Share Exchange

Section
11.08

Abandonment of a Merger or Share Exchange

Section
12.01

Sale of Assets in Regular Course of Business and Mortgage of Assets

Section
12.02

Sale of Assets Other Than in Regular Course of Business

Section
13.01

Definitions

Section
13.02

Right to Appraisal

Section
13.03

Assertion of Rights by Nominees and Beneficial Owners

Section
13.20

Notice of Appraisal Rights

Section
13.21

Notice of Intent to Demand Payment

Section
13.22

Appraisal Notice and Form

Section
13.23

Perfection of Rights; Right to Withdraw

Section
13.24

Payment

Section
13.25

After-Acquired Shares

Section
13.26

Procedure if Shareholder Dissatisfied With Payment or Offer

Section
13.30

Court Action

Section
13.31

Court Costs and Counsel Fees

Section
14.01

Dissolution by Incorporators or Initial Directors

Section
14.02

Dissolution by Board of Directors and Shareholders, or Otherwise in Accordance With Articles of Organization

Section
14.03

Articles of Dissolution

Section
14.04

Revocation of Dissolution

Section
14.05

Effect of Dissolution

Section
14.06

Known Non-Contingent Claims Against Dissolved Corporation

Section
14.07

Unknown Claims Against Dissolved Corporation

Section
14.08

Creation of Reserves as Adequate Provision for Unasserted Product Liability Claims and Known Contingent Claims Against Dissolved Corporation

Section
14.09

Enforcement of Claims Against Dissolved Corporation

Section
14.20

Grounds for Administrative Dissolution

Section
14.21

Procedure for and Effect of Administrative Dissolution

Section
14.22

Reinstatement Following Administrative Dissolution

Section
14.23

Appeal From Denial of Reinstatement

Section
14.30

Grounds for Judicial Dissolution

Section
14.31

Procedure for Judicial Dissolution

Section
14.32

Receivership or Custodianship

Section
14.33

Decree of Dissolution

Section
14.34

Reorganization Under a Statute of the United States; Effectuation

Section
14.40

Deposit With Treasurer of the Commonwealth

Section
15.01

Authority to Transact Business Required

Section
15.02

Consequences of Transacting Business Without Authority

Section
15.03

Delivering Certificate by Foreign Corporation

Section
15.04

Amended Certificate

Section
15.05

Effect of Filing of Certificate

Section
15.06

Corporate Name of Foreign Corporation

Section
15.07

Registered Office and Registered Agent of Foreign Corporation

Section
15.08

Change of Registered Office or Registered Agent of Foreign Corporation

Section
15.09

Resignation of Registered Agent of Foreign Corporation

Section
15.10

Liability to Be Sued; Service on Foreign Corporation

Section
15.11

False Reports or Statements

Section
15.20

Withdrawal of Foreign Corporation

Section
15.21

Automatic Withdrawal Upon Certain Conversions

Section
15.22

Withdrawal Upon Conversion to a Nonfiling Entity

Section
15.23

Transfer of Authority

Section
15.30

Grounds for Revocation

Section
15.31

Procedure for and Effect of Revocation

Section
15.32

Appeal From Revocation

Section
16.01

Corporate Records

Section
16.02

Inspection of Records by Shareholders

Section
16.03

Scope of Inspection Right

Section
16.04

Court-Ordered Inspection

Section
16.05

Inspection of Records by Directors

Section
16.06

Exception to Notice Requirement; Consequences of Inability to Deliver Notice

Section
16.20

Financial Statement for Shareholders

Section
16.21

By-Law Amendments

Section
16.22

Annual Report for Secretary of State

Section
17.01

Application to Existing Domestic Corporations

Section
17.02

Application to Qualified Foreign Corporations

Section
17.03

Saving Provisions

Section
17.04

Severability