Process to enforce a judgment for the payment of money shall be a writ of execution unless the court directs otherwise. In aid of the judgment or execution, the judgment creditor, or his successor in interest when that interest appears of record, may do any or all of the following:
in the manner provided in this chapter for such discovery measures prior to judgment.
(Ga. L. 1966, p. 609, § 69; Ga. L. 1967, p. 226, § 32; Ga. L. 1987, p. 816, § 1.)
Law reviews.- For survey article on trial practice and procedure for the period from June 1, 2002 to May 31, 2003, see 55 Mercer L. Rev. 439 (2003). For note discussing discovery proceedings available to creditors, see 12 Ga. L. Rev. 814 (1978).
JUDICIAL DECISIONS
Purpose of this section is to aid enforcement of a judgment or execution after it has become a final determination of the issue between the parties. McLarty v. Emhart Corp., 122 Ga. App. 677, 178 S.E.2d 344 (1970).
Purpose of post judgment discovery under O.C.G.A. § 9-11-69 is to aid a litigant to recover on a liability which has been established by a judgment. Miller v. United States Shelter Corp., 179 Ga. App. 469, 347 S.E.2d 251 (1986).
Post-judgment discovery procedures have for their purpose identifying assets to satisfy the judgment. Fleming v. Busey, 153 Ga. App. 489, 265 S.E.2d 839 (1980).
Allowable questions.
- Any question which would lead to any property or sources of income of judgment debtor is pertinent and allowable. Fleming v. Busey, 153 Ga. App. 489, 265 S.E.2d 839 (1980); Miller v. United States Shelter Corp., 179 Ga. App. 469, 347 S.E.2d 251 (1986).
There is no territorial limitation in discovery statutes as to location of witnesses, documents, assets, etc. Thrift v. Vi-Vin Prods., Inc., 134 Ga. App. 717, 215 S.E.2d 709 (1975).
Non-resident judgment debtor.
- Trial court had jurisdiction to compel a non-resident judgment debtor to attend a postjudgment deposition in Georgia; under O.C.G.A. § 9-11-69, the judgment creditor was entitled to notice the deposition under O.C.G.A. § 9-11-30, and the geographical limitations of O.C.G.A. § 9-11-45 did not apply. Heard v. Ruef, 347 Ga. App. 1, 815 S.E.2d 607 (2018).
Service by mail.
- "In the manner provided in this chapter" includes service by mail upon counsel pursuant to O.C.G.A. § 9-11-5(b), such that the trial court erred in dismissing the plaintiff's pleadings. Clinton Leasing Corp. v. Patterson, 209 Ga. App. 336, 433 S.E.2d 422 (1993).
Inapplicability of privilege as to matters working forfeiture.
- Defendant is not privileged to refuse to answer on grounds that an answer would cause a forfeiture of the defendant's estate and interfere with the defendant's right to earn a living. Aldridge v. Mercantile Nat'l Bank, 132 Ga. App. 788, 209 S.E.2d 234 (1974).
Privilege as to matters tending to work a forfeiture of an estate was inapplicable to post-judgment discovery proceedings geared toward uncovering or identifying assets to satisfy the judgment as the forfeiture did not result from answering questions or producing documents, but rather, results from a judgment already entered. Kushner v. Mascho, 143 Ga. App. 801, 240 S.E.2d 290 (1977).
Post-judgment discovery held only proper procedure.
- In action brought by bank against corporation seeking recovery on several notes and trade acceptances, as well as to recover an overdraft on a checking account, the trial court was without authority to direct the appellants, sole stockholders in the corporation, to either return all collateral to the premises of the corporation or to provide a list of the equipment; the proper procedure for obtaining such information is by post-judgment discovery in aid of execution, pursuant to O.C.G.A. § 9-11-69, and the appellee's contention that the order to provide a list was authorized pursuant to the trial court's inherent power to issue orders necessary to the exercise of the court's jurisdiction was without merit. Ponderosa Granite Co. v. First Nat'l Bank, 173 Ga. App. 105, 325 S.E.2d 591 (1984).
Court may impose sanctions for failure to comply with post-judgment discovery orders, including contempt for not appearing at a deposition, notwithstanding the fact that the person to be deposed is a nonresident, although there is apparently no provision for the aggrieved party to move for a dismissal of an appeal. Ostroff v. Coyner, 187 Ga. App. 109, 369 S.E.2d 298 (1988).
Use of privilege against self-incrimination.
- When interrogatories in fieri facias do not constitute or evidence extensive questioning as to the judgment debtor's financial affairs which would tend, as a matter of law, to incriminate the debtor, work a forfeiture of the debtor's estate, or bring disgrace or infamy upon the debtor or the debtor's family, but are clearly within the ambit of O.C.G.A. § 9-11-69, the burden is on the debtor to state the general reason for the debtor's refusal to answer and to specifically establish that a real danger of incrimination exists with respect to each question. Petty v. Chrysler Credit Corp., 169 Ga. App. 418, 312 S.E.2d 874 (1984).
Scope includes nonparties.
- Plain language of paragraph (1) of O.C.G.A. § 9-11-69 works an express expansion of the permissible use of post-judgment written interrogatories to any person, regardless of whether the person is a party to the underlying action in which the money judgment was rendered. Esasky v. Forrest, 231 Ga. App. 488, 499 S.E.2d 413 (1998).
Impleader of persons not parties to the underlying judgment not permitted.
- O.C.G.A. § 9-11-69 does not authorize a judgment creditor to implead and hold liable persons who were not parties to the underlying judgment. C-Staff, Inc. v. Liberty Mut. Ins. Co., 275 Ga. 624, 571 S.E.2d 383 (2002).
O.C.G.A. § 9-11-69 did not authorize a judgment creditor to implead and hold liable persons who were not parties to the underlying judgment; a judgment creditor must initiate a separate civil action against persons the creditor claims are liable for a judgment to which they were not parties by filing a complaint and serving the defendants under the procedures set forth in the Civil Practice Act, see O.C.G.A. Ch. 11, T. 9. Pazur v. Belcher, 272 Ga. App. 456, 612 S.E.2d 481 (2004).
O.C.G.A. § 9-11-69 did not authorize a judgment creditor to implead and hold liable persons who were not parties to the underlying judgment; instead, the judgment-creditor had to initiate a separate civil action against persons the judgment-creditor claims were liable for a judgment to which they were not parties. However, in the instant case, the plaintiff judgment creditors were not seeking to hold the defendant transferee liable for the consent judgment, only to avoid an allegedly fraudulent transfer. Reyes-Fuentes v. Shannon Produce Farm, Inc., F. Supp. 2d (S.D. Ga. May 2, 2012).
Action against shareholder for piercing corporate veil.
- Employer's complaint alleged against one of the employer's shareholders for piercing the corporate veil was not subject to a seven-year statute of limitations under O.C.G.A. § 9-12-60 as the employee failed to first obtain a judgment against the employer and then file a separate action to pierce the corporate veil, but instead filed an amended complaint against that shareholder over six years after the original complaint was filed. Pazur v. Belcher, 272 Ga. App. 456, 612 S.E.2d 481 (2004).
Scope includes spouse of debtor.
- Spouse of a judgment debtor is within the scope of the post-judgment discovery process, subject to the limitations created by the Civil Practice Act, O.C.G.A. Ch. 11, T. 9, provisions governing discovery generally. In re Callaway, 212 Ga. App. 500, 442 S.E.2d 309 (1994).
Judgment creditor was authorized to seek bank records of the debtor's wife in post-judgment discovery because the creditor was entitled to seek information that would lead to any property or other sources of income of the debtor; further, the wife had begun paying the husband's country club dues from her bank accounts after the judgment was entered. Hickey v. RREF BB SBL Acquisitions, LLC, 336 Ga. App. 411, 785 S.E.2d 72 (2016).
Non-party spouse.
- Non-party spouse of a judgment debtor is within the scope of post-judgment discovery, including post-judgment interrogatories. Esasky v. Forrest, 231 Ga. App. 488, 499 S.E.2d 413 (1998).
No supplementary proceedings against non-parties.- District court erred when the court granted judgment-creditor's motion to commence supplementary proceedings against various third parties because in Georgia a judgment-creditor had to initiate a separate civil action against persons it claimed were liable for a judgment if they were not parties to the underlying action which granted the judgment. Liberty Mut. Ins. Co. v. C-Staff, Inc., 318 F.3d 1052 (11th Cir. 2003).
Cited in Tennesco, Inc. v. Berger, 144 Ga. App. 45, 240 S.E.2d 586 (1977); Johnson v. Heifler, 149 Ga. App. 860, 256 S.E.2d 143 (1979); Custom Form Mfg. Co. v. Miller, 157 Ga. App. 410, 278 S.E.2d 69 (1981); Chambers v. McDonald, 161 Ga. App. 380, 288 S.E.2d 641 (1982); Georgia Farm Bldgs., Inc. v. Willard, 170 Ga. App. 327, 317 S.E.2d 229 (1984); Grant v. Newsome, 201 Ga. App. 710, 411 S.E.2d 796 (1991); Threatt v. Forsyth County, 262 Ga. App. 186, 585 S.E.2d 159 (2003); Roberts v. First Ga. Cmty. Bank, 335 Ga. App. 228, 779 S.E.2d 113 (2015).
RESEARCH REFERENCES
Am. Jur. 2d.
- 21 Am. Jur. 2d, Creditor's Bills, §§ 3, 31. 30 Am. Jur. 2d, Executions and Enforcement of Judgments, § 530 et seq.
C.J.S.- 26B C.J.S., Depositions, § 28 et seq. 27 C.J.S., Discovery, § 74 et seq. 33 C.J.S., Executions, §§ 4 et seq., 529, 530. 35B C.J.S, Federal Civil Procedure, §§ 1303, 1319 et seq.
ALR.
- Judgment in replevin as implying a direction for return of property, 144 A.L.R. 1149.
Sufficiency and timeliness of notice by indemnitee to indemnitor of action by third person, 73 A.L.R.2d 504.