Tax Credit for Qualified Research Expenses

  1. Law
  2. Georgia Code
  3. Revenue and Taxation
  4. Income Taxes
  5. Imposition, Rate, and Computation; Exemptions
  6. Tax Credit for Qualified Research Expenses

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  1. As used in this Code section, the term:
    1. "Base amount" means the product of a business enterprise's Georgia gross receipts in the current taxable year and the average of the ratios of its aggregate qualified research expenses to Georgia gross receipts for the preceding three taxable years or 0.300, whichever is less; provided, however, that a business enterprise need not have had a positive taxable net income for the preceding three taxable years in order to claim the credit provided in this Code section. For purposes of this paragraph, "Georgia gross receipts" shall be the numerator of the gross receipts factor provided in subsection (d) of Code Section 48-7-31.
    2. "Broadcasting" means the transmission or licensing of audio, video, text, or other programming content to the general public, subscribers, or to third parties via radio, television, cable, satellite, or the Internet or Internet Protocol and includes motion picture and sound recording, editing, production, postproduction, and distribution. "Broadcasting" is limited to establishments classified under the 2007 North American Industry Classification System Codes 515, broadcasting; 519, Internet publishing and broadcasting; 517, telecommunications; and 512, motion picture and sound recording industries.
    3. "Business enterprise" means any business or the headquarters of any such business which is engaged in manufacturing, warehousing and distribution, processing, telecommunications, broadcasting, tourism, and research and development industries. Such term shall not include retail businesses.
    4. "Qualified research expenses" means qualified research expenses for any business enterprise as that term is defined in Section 41 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, except that all wages paid and all purchases of services and supplies must be for research conducted within the State of Georgia.
  2. A tax credit is allowed a business enterprise which has qualified research expenses in Georgia in a taxable year exceeding a base amount, provided that the business enterprise for the same taxable year claims and is allowed a research credit under Section 41 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended.
  3. The tax credit provided in subsection (b) of this Code section shall be 10 percent of the excess over the base amount referred to in said subsection.
  4. Any unused credit claimed under this Code section may be carried forward ten years from the close of the taxable year in which the qualified research expenses were made. The credit taken in any one taxable year shall not exceed 50 percent of the business enterprise's remaining Georgia net income tax liability after all other credits have been applied.
  5. Where the amount of a credit claimed under this Code section exceeds 50 percent of the business enterprise's remaining Georgia net income tax liability after all other credits have been applied in a taxable year, the excess may be taken as a credit against such taxpayer's quarterly or monthly payment under Code Section 48-7-103. Each employee whose employer receives credit against such taxpayer's quarterly or monthly payment under Code Section 48-7-103 shall receive a credit against his or her income tax liability under Code Section 48-7-20 for the corresponding taxable year for the full amount which would be credited against such liability prior to the application of the credit provided for in this subsection. Credits against quarterly or monthly payments under Code Section 48-7-103 and credits against liability under Code Section 48-7-20 established by this subsection shall not constitute income to the taxpayer.
  6. Any credit earned under this Code section in any taxable year beginning before January 1, 2012, and any credit carryforward attributable thereto, shall be governed by this Code section as in effect for the taxable year in which such credit was earned, including, but not limited to, when determining whether such credit or any credit carryforward may be taken as a credit against the taxpayer's quarterly or monthly payments under Code Section 48-7-103.

(Code 1981, §48-7-40.12, enacted by Ga. L. 1997, p. 461, § 9; Ga. L. 1998, p. 128, § 48; Ga. L. 2008, p. 874, § 3/HB 1246; Ga. L. 2009, p. 654, § 4/HB 439; Ga. L. 2012, p. 1309, § 3/HB 868; Ga. L. 2013, p. 7, § 3/HB 266.)

Editor's notes.

- Ga. L. 1997, p. 461, § 10, not codified by the General Assembly, makes this Code section applicable to all taxable years beginning on or after January 1, 1998.

Ga. L. 2008, p. 874, § 9/HB 1246, not codified by the General Assembly, provides, in part, that the amendment to this Code section shall be applicable to all taxable years beginning on or after January 1, 2008.

Ga. L. 2009, p. 654, § 7/HB 439, not codified by the General Assembly, provides, in part, that the amendment to this Code section shall be applicable for all taxable years beginning on or after January 1, 2009.

Ga. L. 2012, p. 1309, § 7/HB 868, not codified by the General Assembly, provides, in part, that the 2012 amendment shall be applicable to all taxable years beginning on or after January 1, 2013.

Ga. L. 2013, p. 7, § 7(b)/HB 266, not codified by the General Assembly, provides, in part, that the 2013 amendment shall be applicable to all taxable years beginning on or after January 1, 2012.

Administrative Rules and Regulations.

- Tax credit for qualified research expenses, Official Compilation of the Rules and Regulations of the State of Georgia, Department of Revenue, Income Tax Division, Returns and Collections, § 560-7-8-.42.

Law reviews.

- For annual survey of administrative law, see 57 Mercer L. Rev. 1 (2005).

JUDICIAL DECISIONS

Trial court erred in finding invalid a regulation which interpreted a research tax credit codified in a statute; the regulation's requirement that a business enterprise have a positive state taxable net income for each of the preceding three years in order to be eligible for the tax credit was authorized by statute and was reasonable because the regulation reflected the legislature's intent that research activities be increased, which was most likely to occur when a business enterprise was able to generate income through the enterprise's activities rather than when a business had a negative income or, in other words, a net operating loss. Ga. Dep't of Revenue v. Ga. Chemistry Council, Inc., 270 Ga. App. 615, 607 S.E.2d 207 (2004).

RESEARCH REFERENCES

ALR.

- Validity, construction, and application of state taxes on revenues and income from communications satellite services, 51 A.L.R.6th 257.


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