Liability; limitations.

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(a) Physician instructions. — No emergency physician or designee of such physician who in good faith gives instructions to a paramedic shall be liable for any civil damages which may occur as the result of issuing such instructions; unless the conduct of the physician or the designee of such physician in issuing such instructions rises to the level of willful and wanton, reckless or grossly negligent conduct.

(b) Paramedics. — (1) No paramedic who in good faith attempts to render or facilitate emergency medical care authorized by this chapter shall be liable for any civil damages which occur as a result of any act or omission of the paramedic in the rendering of such care; unless such paramedic is guilty of wilful and wanton, reckless or grossly negligent conduct.

(2) No paramedic shall be subject to civil liability, based solely upon failure to obtain consent in rendering emergency medical services to any individual, regardless of age, where the person is unable to give consent for any reason, and where there is no other person reasonably available who is legally authorized to give or refuse to give consent, if the paramedic has acted in good faith, without knowledge of facts negating consent, and without any act or omission constituting wilful and wanton or grossly negligent conduct.

(c) Educational programs. — No university, college, medical facility or other entity participating as part of an educational program, nor any faculty member of any such entity, nor any student of such entity who is enrolled in a course of instruction approved by the Administrator, shall be liable for any civil damages as the result of any primary or continuing educational practice conducted under proper supervision, unless such university, college or other entity or faculty member or student is guilty of wilful and wanton, reckless or grossly negligent conduct.

(d) Health facilities. — No health facility which assists a physician in giving instructions to a paramedic in accordance with this chapter shall be liable for any civil damages as the result of such instructions, unless such health facility is guilty of wilful and wanton, reckless or grossly negligent conduct.


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