(1) Any insurer providing insurance of human beings against bodily injury, disablement or death by accident or accidental means, or the expense thereof, or against disablement or expense resulting from sickness, and every insurance appertaining thereto;

(2) A health service corporation, notwithstanding any provision to the contrary in Chapter 63 of this title;

(3) A health maintenance organization, notwithstanding any provision to the contrary in Chapter 64 of this title;

(4) A group health plan, as defined in § 607(1) of the federal Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974 [29 U.S.C. § 1167(1)];

(5) An entity offering a service benefit plan or a pharmacy benefit manager;

(6) A self-funded entity or group providing health-care coverage;

(7) Any person or entity which provides coverage in this State for medical, surgical, chiropractic, physical therapy, speech pathology, audiology, professional mental health, dental, hospital or optometric expenses, whether such coverage is by direct payment, reimbursement or otherwise; and

(8) Any other parties that are, by statute, contract, or agreement, legally responsible for payment of a claim for a health-care item or service.