(1) Legislative declaration. (a) The general assembly hereby declares that it is necessary to implement rules to ensure that patients suffering from legitimate debilitating medical conditions are able to safely gain access to medical marijuana and to ensure that these patients:
Are not subject to criminal prosecution for their use of medical marijuana in accordance with section 14 of article XVIII of the state constitution, this section, and the rules of the state health agency; and
Are able to establish an affirmative defense to their use of medical marijuana inaccordance with section 14 of article XVIII of the state constitution, this section, and the rules of the state health agency.
The general assembly hereby declares that it is necessary to implement rules to prevent persons who do not suffer from legitimate debilitating medical conditions from using section 14 of article XVIII of the state constitution as a means to sell, acquire, possess, produce, use, or transport marijuana in violation of state and federal laws.
The general assembly hereby declares that it is necessary to implement rules to provide guidance for caregivers as defined in section 14 of article XVIII of the state constitution.
The general assembly hereby declares that it is imperative to prevent the diversion ofmedical marijuana to other states. In order to do this the general assembly needs to provide clear guidance for law enforcement.
(2) Definitions. In addition to the definitions set forth in section 14 (1) of article XVIII of the state constitution, as used in this section, unless the context otherwise requires:
"Authorized employees of the state health agency" includes independent contractorsor other agencies with whom the state health agency contracts or is working under an intergovernmental agreement to provide services related to the administration of the medical marijuana program registry. These independent contractors are not state employees for the purposes of state employee benefits, including public employees' retirement association benefits.
(a.5) "Bona fide physician-patient relationship", for purposes of the medical marijuana program, means:
A physician and a patient have a treatment or counseling relationship, in the course ofwhich the physician has completed a full assessment of the patient's medical history, including reviewing a previous diagnosis for a debilitating or disabling medical condition, and current medical condition, including an appropriate personal physical examination;
The physician has consulted with the patient, and if the patient is a minor, with thepatient's parents, with respect to the patient's debilitating medical condition or disabling medical condition and has explained the possible risks and benefits of use of medical marijuana to the patient, and the patient's parents if the patient is a minor, before the patient applies for a registry identification card; and
The physician is available to or offers to provide follow-up care and treatment tothe patient, including patient examinations, to determine the efficacy of the use of medical marijuana as a treatment of the patient's debilitating medical condition or disabling medical condition.
(a.7) "Disabling medical condition" means:
Post-traumatic stress disorder as diagnosed by a licensed mental health provider orphysician;
An autism spectrum disorder as diagnosed by a primary care physician, physicianwith experience in autism spectrum disorder, or licensed mental health provider acting within his or her scope of practice; or
A condition for which a physician could prescribe an opioid.
"Executive director" means the executive director of the state health agency.
"In good standing", with respect to a physician's or dentist or advanced practice practitioner license, means:
The physician holds a doctor of medicine or doctor of osteopathic medicine degreefrom an accredited medical school, or the dentist or advanced practice practitioner holds a degree in a medical field within his or her scope of practice;
The physician holds a valid license to practice medicine, or the dentist or advancedpractice practitioner holds a valid license to practice within his or her scope of practice, in Colorado that does not contain a restriction or condition that prohibits the recommendation of medical marijuana or for a license issued prior to July 1, 2011, a valid, unrestricted and unconditioned license; and
The physician or dentist or advanced practice practitioner has a valid and unrestricted United States department of justice federal drug enforcement administration controlled substances registration.
"Medical marijuana program" means the program established by section 14 of articleXVIII of the state constitution and this section.
"Patient" means a person who has a debilitating medical condition or disablingmedical condition.
"Physician", when making medical marijuana recommendations for a disabling medical condition, includes a dentist or advanced practice practitioner with prescriptive authority acting within the scope of his or her practice.
"Primary caregiver" means a natural person, other than the patient or the patient'sphysician, who is eighteen years of age or older and has significant responsibility for managing the well-being of a patient who has a debilitating medical condition or disabling medical condition. A primary caregiver may have one or more of the following relationships:
A parent of a child as described by subsection (6)(e) of section 14 of article XVIII ofthe state constitution or a parent of a child with a disabling medical condition and anyone who assists that parent with caregiver responsibilities, including cultivation and transportation;
An advising caregiver who advises a patient on which medical marijuana products touse and how to dose them and does not possess, provide, cultivate, or transport marijuana on behalf of the patient;
A transporting caregiver who purchases and transports marijuana to a patient who ishomebound; or
A cultivating caregiver who grows marijuana for a patient.
"Registry identification card" means the nontransferable confidential registry identification card issued by the state health agency to patients and primary caregivers pursuant to this section.
(e.3) "Residential property" means a single unit providing complete independent living facilities for one or more persons, including permanent provisions for living, sleeping, eating, cooking, and sanitation. "Residential property" also includes the real property surrounding a structure, owned in common with the structure, that includes one or more single units providing complete independent living facilities.
(e.5) "Significant responsibility for managing the well-being of a patient" means that the caregiver is involved in basic or instrumental activities of daily living. Cultivating or transporting marijuana and the act of advising a patient on which medical marijuana products to use and how to dose them constitutes a "significant responsibility".
"State health agency" means the public health-related entity of state government designated by the governor by executive order pursuant to section 14 of article XVIII of the state constitution.
(2.5) (a) Except as otherwise provided in subsections (2.5)(h) and (2.5)(i) of this section and section 18-18-406.3, a patient with a disabling medical condition or his or her primary caregiver charged with a violation of the state's criminal laws related to the patient's medical use of marijuana will be deemed to have established an affirmative defense to such allegation where:
The patient was previously diagnosed by a physician as having a disabling medicalcondition;
The patient was advised by his or her physician, in the context of a bona fide physician-patient relationship, that the patient might benefit from the medical use of marijuana in connection with a disabling medical condition; and
The patient and his or her primary caregiver were collectively in possession of amounts of marijuana only as permitted under this section.
The affirmative defense in subsection (2.5)(a) of this section does not exclude theassertion of any other defense where a patient or primary caregiver is charged with a violation of state law related to the patient's medical use of marijuana.
It is an exception from the state's criminal laws for any patient with a disabling medical condition or his or her primary caregiver in lawful possession of a registry identification card to engage or assist in the medical use of marijuana, except as otherwise provided in subsection (2.5)(h) of this section or section 18-18-406.3.
It is an exception from the state's criminal laws for any physician to:
Advise a patient whom the physician has diagnosed as having a disabling medicalcondition about the risks and benefits of the medical use of marijuana or that he or she might benefit from the medical use of marijuana, provided that such advice is based upon the physician's contemporaneous assessment of the patient's medical history and current medical condition and a bona fide physician-patient relationship; or
Provide a patient with written documentation, based upon the physician's contemporaneous assessment of the patient's medical history and current medical condition and a bona fide physician-patient relationship, stating that the patient has a disabling medical condition and might benefit from the medical use of marijuana. No physician shall be denied any rights or privileges for the acts authorized by this section.
Notwithstanding the foregoing provisions, no person, including a patient with a disabling medical condition or his or her primary caregiver, is entitled to the protection of this section for his or her acquisition, possession, manufacture, production, use, sale, distribution, dispensing, or transportation of marijuana for any use other than medical use.
Any property interest that is possessed, owned, or used by a patient with a disablingmedical condition or his or her primary caregiver in connection with the medical use of marijuana or acts incidental to such use shall not be harmed, neglected, injured, or destroyed while in the possession of state or local law enforcement officials where such property has been seized in connection with the claimed medical use of marijuana. Any such property interest shall not be forfeited under any provision of state law providing for the forfeiture of property other than as a sentence imposed after conviction of a criminal offense or entry of a plea of guilty to such offense.
(I) A patient with a disabling medical condition may engage in the medical use ofmarijuana, with no more marijuana than is medically necessary to address a disabling medical condition. The medical use of marijuana by a patient with a disabling medical condition is lawful within the following limits:
No more than two ounces of a usable form of marijuana; and
No more than six marijuana plants, with three or fewer being mature, floweringplants that are producing a usable form of marijuana.
(II) For quantities of marijuana in excess of these amounts, a patient or his or her primary caregiver may raise as an affirmative defense to charges of violation of state law that such greater amounts were medically necessary to address the patient's disabling medical condition.
(h) (I) No patient with a disabling medical condition shall:
Engage in the medical use of marijuana in a way that endangers the health or wellbeing of any person; or
Engage in the medical use of marijuana in plain view of, or in a place open to, thegeneral public.
(II) In addition to any other penalties provided by law, the state health agency shall revoke for a period of one year the registry identification card of any patient found to have willfully violated the provisions of this section.
(i) Notwithstanding the provisions of this subsection (2.5), no patient with a disabling medical condition who is under eighteen years of age shall engage in the medical use of marijuana unless:
Two physicians have diagnosed the patient as having a disabling medical condition.If the recommending physician is not the patient's primary care physician, the recommending physician shall review the records of a diagnosing physician or a licensed mental health provider acting within their scope of practice.
One of the physicians referred to in subsection (2.5)(i)(I) of this section has explained the possible risks and benefits of the medical use of marijuana to the patient and each of the patient's parents residing in Colorado;
The physician referred to in subsection (2.5)(i)(II) of this section has provided thepatient with the written documentation specifying that the patient has been diagnosed with a disabling medical condition and the physician has concluded that the patient might benefit from the medical use of marijuana;
Each of the patient's parents residing in Colorado consent in writing to the statehealth agency to permit the patient to engage in the medical use of marijuana;
A parent residing in Colorado consents in writing to serve as the patient's primarycaregiver;
A parent serving as a primary caregiver completes and submits an application for aregistry identification card and the written consents referred to in subsections (2.5)(i)(IV) and (2.5)(i)(V) of this section to the state health agency;
The state health agency approves the patient's application and transmits the patient's registry identification card to the parent designated as a primary caregiver;
The patient and primary caregiver collectively possess amounts of marijuana nogreater than those specified in subsection (2.5)(g) of this section; and
The primary caregiver controls the acquisition of such marijuana and the dosageand frequency of its use by the patient with a disabling medical condition.
(j) A patient with a disabling medical condition who is under eighteen years of age shall use medical marijuana only in a nonsmokeable form when using medical marijuana upon the grounds of the preschool or primary or secondary school in which the student is enrolled, or upon a school bus or at a school-sponsored event.
(3) Rule-making. (a) The state health agency shall, pursuant to section 14 of article XVIII of the state constitution, promulgate rules of administration concerning the implementation of the medical marijuana program that specifically govern the following:
The establishment and maintenance of a confidential registry of patients who haveapplied for and are entitled to receive a registry identification card. The confidential registry of patients may be used to determine whether a physician should be referred to the Colorado medical board for a suspected violation of section 14 of article XVIII of the state constitution, subsection (5)(a), (5)(b), or (5)(c) of this section, or the rules promulgated by the state health agency pursuant to this subsection (3).
The development by the state health agency of an application form and the processfor making the form available to residents of this state seeking to be listed on the confidential registry of patients who are entitled to receive a registry identification card;
The verification by the state health agency of medical information concerning patients who have applied for a registry identification card or for renewal of a registry identification card;
The development by the state health agency of a form that constitutes "written documentation" as defined and used in section 14 of article XVIII of the state constitution, which form a physician shall use when making a medical marijuana recommendation for a patient;
The conditions for issuance and renewal, and the form, of the registry identificationcards issued to patients, including but not limited to standards for ensuring that the state health agency issues a registry identification card to a patient only if he or she has a bona fide physician-patient relationship with a physician in good standing and licensed to practice medicine in the state of Colorado;
Communications with law enforcement officials about registry identification cardsthat have been suspended when a patient is no longer diagnosed as having a debilitating medical condition or disabling medical condition;
The manner in which the state health agency may consider adding debilitating medical conditions to the list of debilitating medical conditions contained in section 14 of article XVIII of the state constitution;
A waiver process to allow a homebound patient who is on the registry to have aprimary caregiver transport the patient's medical marijuana from a licensed medical marijuana center to the patient; and
Guidelines for primary caregivers to give informed consent to patients that the products they cultivate or produce may contain contaminants and that the cannabinoid levels may not be verified.
(b) The state health agency may promulgate rules regarding the following:
Repealed.
The development of a form for a primary caregiver to use in applying to the registry,which form shall require, at a minimum, that the applicant provide his or her full name, home address, date of birth, and an attestation that the applicant has a significant responsibility for managing the well-being of the patient for whom he or she is designated as the primary caregiver and that he or she understands and will abide by section 14 of article XVIII of the state constitution, this section, and the rules promulgated by the state health agency pursuant to this section; and
Repealed.
The grounds and procedure for a patient to change his or her designated primarycaregiver.
Repealed.
The state health agency shall promulgate rules related to the length of time a registryidentification card issued to a patient with a disabling medical condition is valid.
(3.5) Marijuana laboratory testing reference library. (a) The state health agency shall develop and maintain a marijuana laboratory testing reference library. Laboratories licensed by the department of revenue shall be required to provide materials for the reference library; except that no licensee shall be required to provide testing protocols.
The reference library must contain a library of methodologies for marijuana testingin the areas of potency, homogeneity, contaminants, and solvents consistent with the laboratory requirements set by the department of revenue pursuant to article 10 of title 44.
The state health agency may also include in the reference library standard sampleattainment procedures and standards related to sample preparation for laboratory analysis.
The state health agency shall make reference library materials, including the methodologies, publicly available and may continuously update the reference library as new materials become available.
Repealed.
(a) The state health agency or an organization with whom the state health agency contracts shall be responsible for proficiency testing and remediating problems with laboratories licensed pursuant to article 10 of title 44.
(b) Repealed.
Notwithstanding any other requirements to the contrary, notice issued by the statehealth agency for a rule-making hearing pursuant to section 24-4-103, C.R.S., for rules concerning the medical marijuana program shall be sufficient if the state health agency provides the notice no later than forty-five days in advance of the rule-making hearing in at least one publication in a newspaper of general distribution in the state and posts the notice on the state health agency's website; except that emergency rules pursuant to section 24-4-103 (6), C.R.S., shall not require advance notice.
Physicians. A physician who certifies a debilitating medical condition or disabling medical condition for an applicant to the medical marijuana program shall comply with all of the following requirements:
The physician has a valid and active license to practice medicine, which license is ingood standing, or the dentist or advanced practice practitioner holds a valid license to practice within his or her scope of practice, which license is in good standing.
After a physician, who has a bona fide physician-patient relationship with the patientapplying for the medical marijuana program, determines, for the purposes of making a recommendation, that the patient has a debilitating medical condition or disabling medical condition and that the patient may benefit from the use of medical marijuana, the physician shall certify to the state health agency that the patient has a debilitating medical condition or disabling medical condition and that the patient may benefit from the use of medical marijuana. If the physician certifies that the patient would benefit from the use of medical marijuana based on a chronic or debilitating disease or medical condition or disabling medical condition, the physician shall specify the chronic or debilitating disease or medical condition or disabling medical condition and, if known, the cause or source of the chronic or debilitating disease or medical condition or disabling medical condition.
The physician shall maintain a record-keeping system for all patients for whom thephysician has recommended the medical use of marijuana, and, pursuant to an investigation initiated pursuant to section 12-240-125, the physician shall produce such medical records to the Colorado medical board after redacting any patient or primary caregiver identifying information.
A physician shall not:
Accept, solicit, or offer any form of pecuniary remuneration from or to a primarycaregiver, distributor, or any other provider of medical marijuana;
Offer a discount or any other thing of value to a patient who uses or agrees to use aparticular primary caregiver, distributor, or other provider of medical marijuana to procure medical marijuana;
Examine a patient for purposes of diagnosing a debilitating medical condition or adisabling medical condition at a location where medical marijuana is sold or distributed; or
Hold an economic interest in an enterprise that provides or distributes medical marijuana if the physician certifies the debilitating medical condition or disabling medical condition of a patient for participation in the medical marijuana program.
(e) Only a physician can make a medical marijuana recommendation; except that, when making a medical marijuana recommendation for a patient with a disabling medical condition, the recommendation may be made by a medical doctor, dentist, or advanced practice practitioner with prescriptive authority acting within the scope of his or her practice.
(6) Enforcement. (a) If the state health agency has reasonable cause to believe that a physician has violated section 14 of article XVIII of the state constitution, subsection (5)(a), (5)(b), or (5)(c) of this section, or the rules promulgated by the state health agency pursuant to subsection (3) of this section, the state health agency may refer the matter to the Colorado medical board created in section 12-240-105 for an investigation and determination.
If the state health agency has reasonable cause to believe that a physician has violated paragraph (d) of subsection (5) of this section, the state health agency shall conduct a hearing pursuant to section 24-4-104, C.R.S., to determine whether a violation has occurred.
Upon a finding of unprofessional conduct pursuant to section 12-240-121 (1)(dd) bythe Colorado medical board or a finding of a violation of subsection (5)(d) of this section by the state health agency, the state health agency shall restrict a physician's authority to recommend the use of medical marijuana, which restrictions may include the revocation or suspension of a physician's privilege to recommend medical marijuana. The restriction shall be in addition to any sanction imposed by the Colorado medical board.
When the state health agency has objective and reasonable grounds to believe andfinds, upon a full investigation, that a physician has deliberately and willfully violated section 14 of article XVIII of the state constitution or this section and that the public health, safety, or welfare imperatively requires emergency action, and the state health agency incorporates those findings into an order, the state health agency may summarily suspend the physician's authority to recommend the use of medical marijuana pending the proceedings set forth in paragraphs (a) and (b) of this subsection (6). A hearing on the order of summary suspension shall be held no later than thirty days after the issuance of the order of summary suspension, unless a longer time is agreed to by the parties, and an initial decision in accordance with section 24-4-105 (14), C.R.S., shall be rendered no later than thirty days after the conclusion of the hearing concerning the order of summary suspension.
(7) Primary caregivers. (a) A primary caregiver may not delegate to any other person his or her authority to provide medical marijuana to a patient; nor may a primary caregiver engage others to assist in providing medical marijuana to a patient; except that a parent primary caregiver may use the services of an assistant for advisement, cultivation, or transportation.
Two or more primary caregivers shall not join together for the purpose of cultivatingmedical marijuana.
Only a medical marijuana center with an optional premises cultivation license, a medical marijuana-infused products manufacturing operation with an optional premises cultivation license, or a primary caregiver for his or her patients or a patient for himself or herself may cultivate or provide medical marijuana.
A primary caregiver shall provide to a law enforcement agency, upon inquiry, theregistry identification card number of each of his or her patients. The state health agency shall maintain a registry of this information and make it available twenty-four hours per day and seven days a week to law enforcement for verification purposes. Upon inquiry by a law enforcement officer as to an individual's status as a patient or primary caregiver, the state health agency shall check the registry. If the individual is not registered as a patient or primary caregiver, the state health agency may provide that response to law enforcement. If the person is a registered patient or primary caregiver for a patient with a debilitating medical condition or a disabling medical condition, the state health agency may not release information unless consistent with section 14 of article XVIII of the state constitution. The state health agency may promulgate rules to provide for the efficient administration of this subsection (7)(d).
(I) (A) In order to be a primary caregiver who cultivates medical marijuana for his orher patients or transports medical marijuana for his or her patients, he or she shall also register with the state licensing authority and comply with all local laws, regulations, and zoning and use restrictions. A person may not register as a primary caregiver if he or she is licensed as a medical marijuana business or a retail marijuana business as described in part 4 of article 10 of title 44. An employee, contractor, or other support staff employed by a licensed entity or working in or having access to a restricted area of a licensed premises pursuant to article 10 of title 44 may be a primary caregiver.
A cultivating primary caregiver, when registering, shall provide the cultivation operation location, the registration number of each patient, and any extended plant count numbers and their corresponding patient registry numbers.
A transporting primary caregiver, when registering, shall provide the registrationnumber of each homebound patient, the total number of plants and ounces that the caregiver is authorized to transport, if applicable, and the location of each patient's registered medical marijuana center or cultivating primary caregiver, as applicable. A transporting caregiver shall have on his or her person a receipt from the medical marijuana center or primary caregiver when transporting medical marijuana that shows the quantity of medical marijuana purchased by or provided to the transporting caregiver.
The state licensing authority may verify patient registration numbers and extendedplant count numbers with the state health agency to confirm that a patient does not have more than one primary caregiver, or does not have both a designated caregiver and medical marijuana center, cultivating medical marijuana on his or her behalf at any given time.
If a peace officer makes a law enforcement contact with a primary caregiver whodoes not have proper documentation showing registration with the state licensing authority, the peace officer may report that individual to the state licensing authority or may take appropriate law enforcement action. The person may be subject to any chargeable criminal offenses.
The state licensing authority shall share the minimum necessary information in accordance with applicable federal and state laws, such as patient and caregiver identification numbers, to verify that a patient has only one entity cultivating medical marijuana on his or her behalf at any given time.
The information provided to the state licensing authority pursuant to this paragraph(e) shall not be provided to the public and is confidential. The state licensing authority shall verify the location of a primary caregiver cultivation operation to a local government or law enforcement agency upon receiving an address-specific request for verification. The location of the cultivation operation must comply with all applicable local laws, rules, or regulations.
(f) A cultivating primary caregiver shall only cultivate plants at the registered cultivation location as required pursuant to paragraph (e) of this subsection (7) and as permitted pursuant to subparagraphs (I) and (II)(B) of paragraph (a) of subsection (8.6) of this section. Nothing in this paragraph (f) shall be construed to limit the ability of the caregiver or person twenty-one years of age or older who makes permanent residence at the registered cultivation location from cultivating or possessing up to six plants pursuant to article XVIII, section 16, of the Colorado constitution. Notwithstanding these provisions, additional cultivation is not lawful at the premises registered by a caregiver to cultivate on behalf of patients.
(8) Patient - primary caregiver relationship. (a) (I) A person shall be listed as a cultivating or transporting primary caregiver for no more than five patients on the medical marijuana program registry at any given time; except that the state health agency may allow a primary caregiver to serve more than five patients in exceptional circumstances. In determining whether exceptional circumstances exist, the state health agency may consider the proximity of medical marijuana centers to the patient, as well as other factors.
(II) A cultivating or transporting primary caregiver shall maintain a list of his or her patients, including the registry identification card number of each patient and a recommended total plant count, at all times.
(b) (I) A patient may have only one primary caregiver at any given time; except that, on or after December 1, 2020, a patient who is under eighteen years of age may have each parent or guardian to act as a primary caregiver or, if the patient is under the jurisdiction of the juvenile court, the judge presiding over the case may determine who is the primary caregiver.
(II) The short title of this subsection (8)(b) is "Ethan's Law".
A patient who has designated a primary caregiver for himself or herself may not bedesignated as a primary caregiver for another patient.
A primary caregiver may not charge a patient more than the cost of cultivating orpurchasing the medical marijuana, but may charge for caregiver services.
(I) The state health agency shall maintain a secure and confidential registry of available primary caregivers for those patients who are unable to secure the services of a primary caregiver.
An existing primary caregiver may indicate at the time of registration whether he orshe would be willing to handle additional patients and waive confidentiality to allow release of his or her contact information to physicians or registered patients only.
An individual who is not registered but is willing to provide primary caregivingservices may submit his or her contact information to be placed on the primary caregiver registry.
A patient-primary caregiver arrangement secured pursuant to this paragraph (e) shall be strictly between the patient and the potential primary caregiver. The state health agency, by providing the information required by this paragraph (e), shall not endorse or vouch for a primary caregiver.
The state health agency may make an exception, based on a request from a patient,to paragraph (a) of this subsection (8) limiting primary caregivers to five patients. If the state health agency makes an exception to the limit, the state health agency shall note the exception on the primary caregiver's record in the registry.
At the time a patient applies for inclusion on the confidential registry, the patientshall indicate whether the patient intends to cultivate his or her own medical marijuana, both cultivate his or her own medical marijuana and obtain it from either a primary caregiver or licensed medical marijuana center, or obtain it from either a primary caregiver or a licensed medical marijuana center. If the patient elects to use a licensed medical marijuana center, the patient shall register the primary center he or she intends to use.
Notwithstanding any other provision of law, a primary caregiver shall not grow, sell,or process marijuana for any person unless:
The person is a patient holding a current and valid registry identification card; and
The primary caregiver is currently identified on the medical marijuana registry asthat patient's primary caregiver.
(8.5) Encourage patient voluntary registration - plant limits. (a) (I) All patients cultivating more than six medical marijuana plants for their own medical use are encouraged to register with the state licensing authority's registry created pursuant to subsection (7) of this section. A patient who chooses to register shall update his or her registration information upon renewal of his or her medical marijuana registry card.
(II) A patient who chooses to register shall register the following information with the state licensing authority: The location of his or her cultivation operation; his or her patient registration identification; and the total number of plants that the patient is authorized to cultivate.
(a.5) (I) Unless otherwise expressly authorized by local law, it is unlawful for a patient to possess at or cultivate on a residential property more than twelve marijuana plants regardless of the number of persons residing, either temporarily or permanently, at the property; except that it is unlawful for a patient to possess at or cultivate on or in a residential property more than twenty-four marijuana plants regardless of the number of persons residing, either temporarily or permanently, at the property if a patient:
Lives in a county, municipality, or city and county that does not limit the number ofmarijuana plants that may be grown on or in a residential property;
Registers pursuant to this subsection (8.5) with the state licensing authority's registry; and
Provides notice to the applicable county, municipality, or city and county of his orher residential cultivation operation if required by the jurisdiction. A local jurisdiction shall not provide the information provided to it pursuant to this subsection (8.5)(a.5)(I)(C) to the public, and the information is confidential.
(II) A patient who cultivates more marijuana plants than permitted in subsection (8.5)(a.5)(I) of this section shall locate his or her cultivation operation on a property, other than a residential property, where marijuana cultivation is allowed by local law and shall comply with any applicable local law requiring disclosure about the cultivation operation. Cultivation operations conducted in a location other than a residential property are subject to any county and municipal building and public health inspection required by local law. A person who violates this subsection (8.5)(a.5) is subject to the offenses and penalties described in section 18-18-406. (b) A patient shall not cultivate more than ninety-nine plants. Only a medical marijuana business licensed and properly authorized pursuant to article 10 of title 44 may cultivate more than ninety-nine plants.
(b.5) A patient who cultivates his or her own medical marijuana plants shall comply with all local laws, regulations, and zoning and use restrictions.
The information provided to the state licensing authority pursuant to this subsection(8.5) shall not be provided to the public and is confidential. The state licensing authority shall verify the location of a medical marijuana cultivation site for patient cultivation operations to a local government or law enforcement agency upon receiving a request for verification. The location of the cultivation operation shall comply with all applicable local laws, rules, or regulations.
The state licensing authority shall provide cultivation information for patients whochoose to register to state and local law enforcement through the Colorado crime information center. The Colorado bureau of investigation shall include proper use of medical marijuana information in audits of state and local law enforcement agencies.
(8.6) Primary caregivers plant limits - exceptional circumstances. (a) (I) A primary caregiver shall not cultivate, transport, or possess more than thirty-six plants unless the primary caregiver has one or more patients who, based on medical necessity, have an extended plant count.
(I.5) Unless otherwise expressly authorized by local law, it is unlawful for a primary caregiver to possess at or cultivate on a residential property more than twelve marijuana plants regardless of the number of persons residing, either temporarily or permanently, at the property; except that it is unlawful for a primary caregiver to possess at or cultivate on or in a residential property more than twenty-four marijuana plants regardless of the number of persons residing, either temporarily or permanently, at the property if a primary caregiver:
Lives in a county, municipality, or city and county that does not limit the number ofmarijuana plants that may be grown on or in a residential property;
Is registered pursuant to this subsection (8.6) with the state licensing authority's registry; and
Provides notice to the applicable county, municipality, or city and county of his orher residential cultivation operation if required by the jurisdiction. A local jurisdiction shall not provide the information provided to it pursuant to this subsection (8.6)(a)(I.5) to the public, and the information is confidential.
(I.6) Any primary caregiver who cultivates more marijuana plants than permitted in subsection (8.6)(a)(I.5) of this section shall locate his or her cultivation operation on a property, other than a residential property, where marijuana cultivation is allowed by local law and shall comply with any applicable local law requiring disclosure about the cultivation operation. Cultivation operations conducted in a location other than a residential property are subject to any county and municipal building and public health inspection required by local law. A person who violates subsection (8.6)(a)(I) of this section is subject to the offenses and penalties described in section 18-18-406.
(II) (A) A primary caregiver who cultivates more than thirty-six plants shall register the information required in sub-subparagraph (B) of this subparagraph (II) with the state licensing authority's registry created pursuant to paragraph (e) of subsection (7) of this section. A primary caregiver shall update his or her registration information upon renewal of his or her primary caregiver registration.
(B) A primary caregiver subject to the registry in this subparagraph (II) shall register the following information with the state licensing authority: The location of his or her cultivation operation; the patient registration identification number for each of the primary caregiver's patients; and any extended plant count numbers and their corresponding patient registry numbers.
A primary caregiver shall not cultivate more than ninety-nine plants. Only a medicalmarijuana business licensed and properly authorized pursuant to article 10 of title 44 may cultivate more than ninety-nine plants. The primary caregiver is not allowed to grow additional plants until he or she is licensed by the state licensing authority.
The information provided to the state licensing authority pursuant to this subsection(8.6) shall not be provided to the public and is confidential. The state licensing authority shall verify the location of extended plant counts for primary caregiver cultivation operations and homebound patient registration for transporting caregivers to a local government or law enforcement agency upon receiving a request for verification. The location of the cultivation operation shall comply with all applicable local laws, rules, or regulations.
The state licensing authority shall provide cultivation information for cultivating caregivers and transporting caregivers to state and local law enforcement through the Colorado crime information center. The Colorado bureau of investigation shall include proper use of medical marijuana information in audits of state and local law enforcement agencies.
(9) Registry identification card required - denial - revocation - renewal. (a) A person with a disabling medical condition may apply to the state health agency for a registry identification card. To be considered in compliance with the provisions of section 14 of article XVIII of the state constitution, this section, and the rules of the state health agency, a patient or primary caregiver shall have his or her registry identification card in his or her possession at all times that he or she is in possession of any form of medical marijuana and produce the same upon request of a law enforcement officer to demonstrate that the patient or primary caregiver is not in violation of the law; except that, if more than thirty-five days have passed since the date the patient or primary caregiver filed his or her medical marijuana program application and the state health agency has not yet issued or denied a registry identification card, a copy of the patient's or primary caregiver's application along with proof of the date of submission shall be in the patient's or primary caregiver's possession at all times that he or she is in possession of any form of medical marijuana until the state health agency issues or denies the registry identification card. A person who violates section 14 of article XVIII of the state constitution, this section, or the rules promulgated by the state health agency may be subject to criminal prosecution for violations of section 18-18-406.
The state health agency may deny a patient's or primary caregiver's application for aregistry identification card or revoke the card if the state health agency, in accordance with article 4 of title 24, determines that the physician who diagnosed the patient's debilitating medical condition or disabling medical condition, the patient, or the primary caregiver violated section 14 of article XVIII of the state constitution, this section, or the rules promulgated by the state health agency pursuant to this section; except that, when a physician's violation is the basis for adverse action, the state health agency may only deny or revoke a patient's application or registry identification card when the physician's violation is related to the issuance of a medical marijuana recommendation.
A patient or primary caregiver registry identification card is valid for one year unlessthe state health agency changes the length of validity pursuant to its authority in subsection (3)(d) of this section and must contain a unique identification number. It is the responsibility of the patient or primary caregiver to apply to renew his or her registry identification card prior to the date on which the card expires. The state health agency shall develop a form for a patient or primary caregiver to use in renewing his or her registry identification card.
If the state health agency grants a patient a waiver to allow a primary caregiver totransport the patient's medical marijuana from a medical marijuana center to the patient, the state health agency shall designate the waiver on the patient's registry identification card.
A homebound patient who receives a waiver from the state health agency to allow aprimary caregiver to transport the patient's medical marijuana to the patient from a medical marijuana center shall provide the primary caregiver with the patient's registry identification card, which the primary caregiver shall carry when the primary caregiver is transporting the medical marijuana. A medical marijuana center may provide the medical marijuana to the primary caregiver for transport to the patient if the primary caregiver produces the patient's registry identification card.
Renewal of patient identification card upon criminal conviction. Any patient who is convicted of a criminal offense under article 18 of title 18, who is sentenced or ordered by a court to treatment for a substance use disorder, or sentenced to the division of youth services, is subject to immediate revocation of his or her patient registry identification card, and the patient may apply for the renewal based upon a recommendation from a physician with whom the patient has a bona fide physician-patient relationship.
A parent who submits a medical marijuana registry application for his or her childshall have his or her signature notarized on the application.
Use of medical marijuana. (a) The use of medical marijuana is allowed under state law to the extent that it is carried out in accordance with the provisions of section 14 of article XVIII of the state constitution, this section, and the rules of the state health agency.
(b) A patient or primary caregiver shall not:
Engage in the medical use of marijuana in a way that endangers the health and wellbeing of a person;
Engage in the medical use of marijuana in plain view of or in a place open to thegeneral public;
Undertake any task while under the influence of medical marijuana, when doing sowould constitute negligence or professional malpractice;
Possess medical marijuana or otherwise engage in the use of medical marijuana inor on the grounds of a school, in a school bus, or at a school-sponsored event except when the possession or use occurs pursuant to section 22-1-119.3, C.R.S.; (V) Engage in the use of medical marijuana while:
In a correctional facility or a community corrections facility;
Subject to a sentence to incarceration; or
In a vehicle, aircraft, or motorboat;
Operate, navigate, or be in actual physical control of any vehicle, aircraft, or motorboat while under the influence of medical marijuana; or
Use medical marijuana if the person does not have a debilitating medical conditionor disabling medical condition as diagnosed by the person's physician in the course of a bona fide physician-patient relationship and for which the physician has recommended the use of medical marijuana.
(c) A person shall not establish a business to permit patients to congregate and smoke or otherwise consume medical marijuana.
Repealed.
(13.5) Nothing herein shall reduce or eliminate the existing power of a statutory municipality or county through the "Local Government Land Use Control Enabling Act of 1974", article 20 of title 29, C.R.S., to regulate the growing of marijuana, commercially or otherwise.
Affirmative defense. If a patient or primary caregiver raises an affirmative defense as provided in section 14 (4)(b) of article XVIII of the state constitution or subsection (2.5)(g)(II) of this section, the patient's physician shall certify the specific amounts in excess of two ounces that are necessary to address the patient's debilitating medical condition or disabling medical condition and why such amounts are necessary. A patient who asserts this affirmative defense shall waive confidentiality privileges related to the condition or conditions that were the basis for the recommendation. If a patient, primary caregiver, or physician raises an exception to the state criminal laws as provided in section 14 (2)(b) or (2)(c) of article XVIII of the state constitution or subsection (2.5)(c) or (2.5)(d) of this section, the patient, primary caregiver, or physician waives the confidentiality of his or her records related to the condition or conditions that were the basis for the recommendation maintained by the state health agency for the medical marijuana program. Upon request of a law enforcement agency for such records, the state health agency shall only provide records pertaining to the individual raising the exception, and shall redact all other patient, primary caregiver, or physician identifying information.
(a) Except as provided in paragraph (b) of this subsection (15), the state health agency shall establish a basic fee that shall be paid at the time of service of any subpoena upon the state health agency, plus a fee for meals and a fee for mileage at the rate prescribed for state officers and employees in section 24-9-104, C.R.S., for each mile actually and necessarily traveled in going to and returning from the place named in the subpoena. If the person named in the subpoena is required to attend the place named in the subpoena for more than one day, there shall be paid, in advance, a sum to be established by the state health agency for each day of attendance to cover the expenses of the person named in the subpoena.
(b) The subpoena fee established pursuant to paragraph (a) of this subsection (15) shall not be applicable to any federal, state, or local governmental agency.
(16) Fees. (a) The state health agency may collect fees from patients who, pursuant to section 14 of article XVIII of the state constitution or subsection (9) of this section, apply to the medical marijuana program for a registry identification card for the purpose of offsetting the state health agency's direct and indirect costs of administering the program. The amount of the fees shall be set by rule of the state health agency. The amount of the fees set pursuant to this section shall reflect the actual direct and indirect costs of the state licensing authority in the administration and enforcement of this article so that the fees avoid exceeding the statutory limit on uncommitted reserves in administrative agency cash funds as set forth in section 24-75-402 (3). The state health agency shall not assess a medical marijuana registry application fee to an applicant who demonstrates, pursuant to a copy of the applicant's state tax return certified by the department of revenue, that the applicant's income does not exceed one hundred eighty-five percent of the federal poverty line, adjusted for family size. All fees collected by the state health agency through the medical marijuana program shall be transferred to the state treasurer who shall credit the same to the medical marijuana program cash fund, which fund is hereby created.
(b) Repealed.
(17) Cash fund. (a) The medical marijuana program cash fund shall be subject to annual appropriation by the general assembly to the state health agency for the purpose of establishing, operating, and maintaining the medical marijuana program. All moneys credited to the medical marijuana program cash fund and all interest derived from the deposit of such moneys that are not expended during the fiscal year shall be retained in the fund for future use and shall not be credited or transferred to the general fund or any other fund.
(Deleted by amendment, L. 2010, (HB 10-1284), ch. 355, p. 1677, § 2, effective July
1, 2010.)
(b.5) (Deleted by amendment, L. 2014.) (c) Repealed.
(d) (I) There is created a health research subaccount, referred to as "subaccount" in this section, in the medical marijuana program cash fund. The subaccount is established to support funding for medical marijuana health research. The department shall have continuous spending authority over the subaccount. The department may direct the state treasurer to transfer money from the medical marijuana program cash fund to the subaccount based on the cost of health research projects approved by the state board of health pursuant to section 25-1.5-106.5.
For the 2014-15 fiscal year and each fiscal year through 2022-23, the alternative maximum reserve for purposes of section 24-75-402 for the medical marijuana program cash fund is sixteen and five-tenths percent of the amount in the fund, excluding any amount in the subaccount.
This subsection (17)(d) is repealed, effective July 1, 2023. Any money remaining inthe subaccount on June 30, 2023, must revert to the medical marijuana program cash fund.
Notwithstanding any provision of paragraph (a) of this subsection (17) to the contrary, on July 1, 2014, and each July 1 through 2018, the state treasurer shall transfer two hundred thousand dollars from ten million dollars available for transfer pursuant to paragraph (d) of this subsection (17) in the medical marijuana program cash fund to the subaccount to be used for administrative purposes to administer the medical marijuana health research grant program created pursuant to section 25-1.5-106.5.
Notwithstanding any provision of subsection (17)(e) of this section to the contrary,one hundred thousand dollars from the subaccount may be used for administrative purposes to administer the medical marijuana research grant program created pursuant to section 25-1.5106.5 for each of the fiscal years 2019-20, 2020-21, and 2021-22.
(18) (a) This section is repealed, effective September 1, 2028.
(b) Prior to the repeal of this section, the department of regulatory agencies shall conduct a sunset review as described in section 24-34-104 (5), C.R.S.
Source: L. 2003: Entire article added with relocations, p. 686, § 2, effective July 1. L. 2009: (3) amended, (SB 09-208), ch. 149, p. 624, § 20, effective April 20. L. 2010: Entire section amended, (SB 10-109), ch. 356, p. 1691, § 1, effective June 7; (17)(b.5) added, (HB 10-
1388), ch. 362, p. 1716, § 1, effective June 7; entire section amended, (HB 10-1284), ch. 355, p. 1677, § 2, effective July 1. L. 2011: (2)(c)(II), (5)(a), and (16)(a) amended and (7)(e) added, (HB 11-1043), ch. 266, pp. 1211, 1212, §§ 19, 20, 22, 21, effective July 1. L. 2014: (2)(a) amended and (2)(a.5) and (8)(g) added, (HB 14-1396), ch. 382, p. 1862, § 1, effective June 6;
(17) amended, (SB 14-155), ch. 237, p. 873, § 2, effective July 1. L. 2015: (1)(c), (1)(d), (2)(e.5), (3)(a)(IX), (3.7), and (13.5) added, (2)(d.5), (3)(a)(VII), (3)(a)(VIII), (8)(a), (12)(b)(IV), and (18) amended, and (3)(b)(I) and (13) repealed, (SB 15-014), ch. 199, pp. 682, 688, §§ 3, 8, effective May 18; (3.5) and (3.8) added, (HB 15-1283), ch. 307, p. 1255, § 1, effective June 5; (17)(d)(II) amended, (HB 15-1261), ch. 322, p. 1314, § 7, effective June 5; (18) amended, (SB
15-115), ch. 283, p. 1164, § 15, effective June 5; (7)(a), (7)(c), and (7)(e) amended and (7)(f), (8.5), and (8.6) added, (SB 15-014), ch. 199, p. 682, § 3, effective January 1, 2017. L. 2016: (18)(b) amended, (HB 16-1192), ch. 83, p. 234, § 19, effective April 14; (12)(b)(IV) amended, (HB 16-1373), ch. 232, p. 937, § 2, effective June 6. L. 2017: (10) amended, (SB 17-242), ch.
263, p. 1323, § 185, effective May 25; (2)(a.5), IP(2)(d.5), (3)(a)(VI), IP(5), (5)(b), (5)(d)(III), (5)(d)(IV), (9)(a), (9)(b), (12)(b)(VII), (14), and (16)(a) amended and (2)(a.7), (2)(d.3), and (2.5) added, (SB 17-017), ch. 347, p. 1824, § 1, effective June 5; (10) amended, (HB 17-1329), ch. 381, p. 1982, § 56, effective June 6; (2)(e.3), (8.5)(a.5), (8.5)(b.5), (8.6)(a)(I.5), and (8.6)(a)(I.6) added and (7)(e)(I)(A) amended, (HB 17-1220), ch. 402, p. 2096, § 3, effective January 1, 2018. L. 2018: (17)(d) amended and (17)(f) added, (SB 18-271), ch. 329, p. 1972, § 5, effective May 30; (3.5)(b), (3.7), (3.8)(a), (7)(e)(I)(A), (8.5)(b), and (8.6)(b) amended, (HB 18-1023), ch. 55, p. 588, § 18, effective October 1. L. 2019: (2)(a.7) and (2.5)(i)(I) amended, (HB 19-1028), ch. 71,
p. 255, § 1, effective April 2; (2)(a.5)(II), (2)(a.7), (2)(c), (2)(d.5)(I), (3)(b)(II), (3.5)(d), (5)(a), (5)(c), (6)(a), (6)(c), (7)(d), (9)(c), (10), and (18)(a) amended, (2)(d.4), (3)(d), and (5)(e) added, and (3)(b)(III), (3.7), and (3.8)(b) repealed, (SB 19-218), ch. 343, pp. 3184, 3188, §§ 1, 4, effective August 2; (2)(a.7) and (2.5)(i)(I) amended and (2.5)(j) added, (SB 19-013), ch. 282, pp. 2640, 2641, §§ 1, 2, effective August 2; (3)(a)(I), (5)(c), (6)(a), and (6)(c) amended, (SB 19241), ch. 390, p. 3472, § 36, effective August 2; (8)(b) amended, (HB 19-1031), ch. 278, p. 2618, § 1, effective August 2; (5)(c), (6)(a), and (6)(c) amended, (HB 19-1172), ch. 136, p. 1697, § 142, effective October 1; (3.5)(b), (3.7), (3.8)(a), (7)(e)(I)(A), (8.5)(b), and (8.6)(b) amended, (SB 19-224), ch. 315, p. 2939, § 23, effective January 1, 2020. L. 2020: (5)(e) amended, (HB 201402), ch. 216, p. 1052, § 50, effective June 30.
Editor's note: (1) This section is similar to former § 25-1-107 (1)(jj) as it existed prior to 2003.
Amendments to this section by Senate Bill 10-109 and House Bill 10-1284 wereharmonized.
Subsection (17)(b.5) was added as subsection (3)(c) by House Bill 10-1388. Thatprovision was harmonized with Senate Bill 10-109 and House Bill 10-1284 resulting in its relocation.
Subsection (3)(c)(II) provided for the repeal of subsection (3)(c), effective July 1,2011. (See L. 2010, p. 1677.) Subsections (16)(b)(II) and (17)(c)(II) provided for the repeal of subsections (16)(b) and (17)(c), respectively, effective July 1, 2012. (See L. 2010, p. 1691.)
Subsection (3.8) was originally numbered as (3.7) in HB 15-1283 but was renumbered on revision for ease of location.
Amendments to subsection (10) by SB 17-242 and HB 17-1329 were harmonized.
Subsection (2.5)(i)(I) was amended in HB 19-1028. Those amendments were superseded by the amendment of this section in SB 19-013, effective August 2, 2019. For the amendments to subsection (2.5)(i)(I) in HB 19-1028 in effect from April 2, 2019, to August 2, 2019, see chapter 71, Session Laws of Colorado 2019. (L. 2019, p. 255.)
Subsection (3.7) was amended in SB 19-224, effective January 1, 2020. However,those amendments were superseded by the repeal of subsection (3.7) by SB 19-218, effective August 2, 2019.
Amendments to subsection (2)(a.7) by HB 19-1028 and SB 19-013 were harmonized.
Amendments to subsections (5)(c), (6)(a), and (6)(c) by SB 19-218, SB 19-241, andHB 19-1172 were harmonized.
Cross references: (1) For the legislative declaration in SB 14-155, see section 1 of chapter 237, Session Laws of Colorado 2014. For the legislative declaration in SB 15-014, see section 1 of chapter 199, Session Laws of Colorado 2015. For the legislative declaration in SB 17-242, see section 1 of chapter 263, Session Laws of Colorado 2017. For the legislative declaration in HB 17-1220, see section 1 of chapter 402, Session Laws of Colorado 2017.
For the state licensing authority, see § 44-11-201.