Civil actions - degree of proof required.

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(1) Any provision of the law to the contrary notwithstanding and except as provided in subsection (2) of this section, the burden of proof in any civil action shall be by a preponderance of the evidence. The provisions of this subsection (1) shall not apply to the burden of proof required in determining the validity of any legislative enactment.

  1. Exemplary damages against the party against whom the claim is asserted shall onlybe awarded in a civil action when the party asserting the claim proves beyond a reasonable doubt the commission of a wrong under the circumstances set forth in section 13-21-102. Nothing in this subsection (2) shall be construed as preventing a party asserting the claim from being awarded money damages or other appropriate relief, other than exemplary damages, if he sustains the burden of proof by a preponderance of the evidence.

  2. (Deleted by amendment, L. 95, p. 15, § 5, effective March 9, 1995.)

  3. This section became effective July 1, 1972, and applies only to civil actions whichaccrue on or after such date.

Source: L. 71: p. 579, § 1. C.R.S. 1963: § 52-1-28. L. 72: pp. 317, 318, §§ 1, 2. L. 95:

  1. and (3) amended, p. 15, § 5, effective March 9.


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