(a) (1) The term “tax” includes any of the following:
(A) The tax imposed under Chapter 2 (commencing with Section 23101).
(B) The tax imposed under Chapter 3 (commencing with Section 23501).
(C) The tax on unrelated business taxable income, imposed under Section 23731.
(D) The tax on “S” corporations imposed under Section 23802.
(2) The term “tax” does not include any amount imposed under paragraph (1) of subdivision (e) of Section 24667 or paragraph (2) of subdivision (f) of Section 24667.
(b) For purposes of Article 5 (commencing with Section 18661) of Chapter 2, Article 3 (commencing with Section 19031) of Chapter 4, Article 6 (commencing with Section 19101) of Chapter 4, and Chapter 7 (commencing with Section 19501) of Part 10.2, and for purposes of Sections 18601, 19001, and 19005, the term “tax” also includes all of the following:
(1) The tax on limited partnerships, imposed under Section 17935, the tax on limited liability companies, imposed under Section 17941, and the tax on registered limited liability partnerships and foreign limited liability partnerships imposed under Section 17948.
(2) The alternative minimum tax imposed under Chapter 2.5 (commencing with Section 23400).
(3) The tax on built-in gains of “S” corporations, imposed under Section 23809.
(4) The tax on excess passive investment income of “S” corporations, imposed under Section 23811.
(c) Notwithstanding any other provision of this part, credits are allowed against the “tax” in the following order:
(1) Credits that do not contain carryover provisions.
(2) Credits that, when the credit exceeds the “tax,” allow the excess to be carried over to offset the “tax” in succeeding taxable years, except for those credits that are allowed to reduce the “tax” below the tentative minimum tax, as defined by Section 23455. The order of credits within this paragraph shall be determined by the Franchise Tax Board.
(3) The minimum tax credit allowed by Section 23453.
(4) Credits that are allowed to reduce the “tax” below the tentative minimum tax, as defined by Section 23455.
(5) Credits for taxes withheld under Section 18662.
(d) Notwithstanding any other provision of this part, each of the following applies:
(1) A credit may not reduce the “tax” below the tentative minimum tax (as defined by paragraph (1) of subdivision (a) of Section 23455), except the following credits:
(A) The credit allowed by former Section 23601 (relating to solar energy).
(B) The credit allowed by former Section 23601.4 (relating to solar energy).
(C) The credit allowed by former Section 23601.5 (relating to solar energy).
(D) The credit allowed by Section 23609 (relating to research expenditures).
(E) The credit allowed by former Section 23609.5 (relating to clinical testing expenses).
(F) The credit allowed by Section 23610.5 (relating to low-income housing).
(G) The credit allowed by former Section 23612 (relating to sales and use tax credit).
(H) The credit allowed by Section 23612.2 (relating to enterprise zone sales or use tax credit).
(I) The credit allowed by former Section 23612.6 (relating to Los Angeles Revitalization Zone sales tax credit).
(J) The credit allowed by former Section 23622 (relating to enterprise zone hiring credit).
(K) The credit allowed by Section 23622.7 (relating to enterprise zone hiring credit).
(L) The credit allowed by former Section 23623 (relating to program area hiring credit).
(M) The credit allowed by former Section 23623.5 (relating to Los Angeles Revitalization Zone hiring credit).
(N) The credit allowed by former Section 23625 (relating to Los Angeles Revitalization Zone hiring credit).
(O) The credit allowed by Section 23633 (relating to targeted tax area sales or use tax credit).
(P) The credit allowed by Section 23634 (relating to targeted tax area hiring credit).
(Q) The credit allowed by former Section 23649 (relating to qualified property).
(R) For taxable years beginning on or after January 1, 2011, the credit allowed by Section 23685 (relating to qualified motion pictures).
(S) For taxable years beginning on or after January 1, 2014, the credit allowed by Section 23689 (relating to GO-Biz California Competes Credit).
(T) For taxable years beginning on or after January 1, 2016, the credit allowed by Section 23695 (relating to qualified motion pictures).
(U) For taxable years beginning on or after January 1, 2014, the credit allowed by Section 23686 (relating to the College Access Tax Credit Fund).
(V) For taxable years beginning on or after January 1, 2017, the credit allowed by Section 23687 (relating to the College Access Tax Credit Fund).
(W) For taxable years beginning on or after January 1, 2020, and before January 1, 2026, the credit allowed by Section 23636 (relating to the new advanced strategic aircraft credit).
(2) A credit against the tax may not reduce the minimum franchise tax imposed under Chapter 2 (commencing with Section 23101).
(e) Any credit which is partially or totally denied under subdivision (d) is allowed to be carried over to reduce the “tax” in the following year, and succeeding years if necessary, if the provisions relating to that credit include a provision to allow a carryover of the unused portion of that credit.
(f) Unless otherwise provided, any remaining carryover from a credit that has been repealed or made inoperative is allowed to be carried over under the provisions of that section as it read immediately prior to being repealed or becoming inoperative.
(g) Unless otherwise provided, if two or more taxpayers share in costs that would be eligible for a tax credit allowed under this part, each taxpayer is eligible to receive the tax credit in proportion to their respective share of the costs paid or incurred.
(h) Unless otherwise provided, in the case of an “S” corporation, any credit allowed by this part is computed at the “S” corporation level, and any limitation on the expenses qualifying for the credit or limitation upon the amount of the credit applies to the “S” corporation and to each shareholder.
(i) (1) With respect to any taxpayer that directly or indirectly owns an interest in a business entity that is disregarded for tax purposes pursuant to Section 23038 and any regulations thereunder, the amount of any credit or credit carryforward allowable for any taxable year attributable to the disregarded business entity is limited in accordance with paragraphs (2) and (3).
(2) The amount of any credit otherwise allowed under this part, including any credit carryover from prior years, that may be applied to reduce the taxpayer’s “tax,” as defined in subdivision (a), for the taxable year is limited to an amount equal to the excess of the taxpayer’s regular tax (as defined in Section 23455), determined by including income attributable to the disregarded business entity that generated the credit or credit carryover, over the taxpayer’s regular tax (as defined in Section 23455), determined by excluding the income attributable to that disregarded business entity. A credit is not allowed if the taxpayer’s regular tax (as defined in Section 23455), determined by including the income attributable to the disregarded business entity is less than the taxpayer’s regular tax (as defined in Section 23455), determined by excluding the income attributable to the disregarded business entity.
(3) If the amount of a credit allowed pursuant to the section establishing the credit exceeds the amount allowable under this subdivision in any taxable year, the excess amount may be carried over to subsequent taxable years pursuant to subdivisions (d), (e), and (f).
(j) (1) Unless otherwise specifically provided, in the case of a taxpayer that is a partner or shareholder of an eligible pass-thru entity described in paragraph (2), any credit passed through to the taxpayer in the taxpayer’s first taxable year beginning on or after the date the credit is no longer operative may be claimed by the taxpayer in that taxable year, notwithstanding the repeal of the statute authorizing the credit prior to the close of that taxable year.
(2) For purposes of this subdivision, “eligible pass-thru entity” means any partnership or “S” corporation that files its return on a fiscal year basis pursuant to Section 18566, and that is entitled to a credit pursuant to this part for the taxable year that begins during the last year a credit is operative.
(3) This subdivision applies to credits that become inoperative on or after the operative date of the act adding this subdivision.
(Amended by Stats. 2020, Ch. 8, Sec. 13. (AB 85) Effective June 29, 2020.)