(a) After public hearing, the department may adopt regulations under this chapter establishing ambient air quality standards, emission standards, or exemptions to implement a state air quality control program required under 42 U.S.C. 7401 - 7671q (Clean Air Act), as amended, and regulations adopted under those sections. The standards established under this section may be for the state as a whole or may vary in recognition of local conditions.
(b) Unless the governor has determined that an emergency exists that requires emergency regulations under AS 44.62.250, the department may adopt the following types of regulations only after the procedures established in (a), (c), and (d) of this section and compliance with AS 46.14.015:
(1) a regulation that establishes an ambient air quality standard for an air pollutant for which there is no corresponding federal standard;
(2) a regulation that establishes an ambient air quality standard or emission standard that is more stringent than a corresponding federal standard;
(3) a regulation that establishes an equivalent emission limitation for a hazardous air pollutant for which the federal administrator has not adopted a corresponding maximum achievable control technology standard; or
(4) a regulation that regulates emissions from an emissions unit or stationary source or establishes an emission standard under the authority of AS 46.14.120(e) or 46.14.130(c)(2).
(c) In preparation for peer review under AS 46.14.015 and before adopting a regulation described under (b) of this section, the department shall
(1) find in writing that exposure profiles and either meteorological conditions or emissions unit characteristics in the state or in an area of the state reasonably require the ambient air quality standard, or emission standard to protect human health and welfare or the environment; this paragraph does not apply to a regulation under (b)(3) of this section;
(2) find in writing that the proposed standard or emission limitation is technologically feasible; and
(3) prepare a written analysis of the economic feasibility of the proposal.
(d) Before adopting a regulation described in (b)(2) of this section, the department shall find in writing that exposure profiles and either meteorological conditions or emissions unit characteristics are significantly different in the state or in an area of the state from those upon which the corresponding federal regulation is based.
(e) When incorporated into more than one permit, emission standards and limitations, emissions monitoring and reporting requirements, and compliance verification requirements that are generally applicable statewide or are generally applicable to individual emissions unit or stationary source types shall be adopted in regulation unless they have been requested by the owner and operator to whom the permit is issued. The department shall, by regulation, adopt a standard, limitation, or requirement described in this subsection as soon as its general applicability is reasonably foreseeable.
(f) An emission standard adopted by the department may be applicable to individual emissions units within a stationary source or to all emissions units within a stationary source. For purposes of determining compliance with applicable regulations and with permit limitations, the department may allow numerical averaging of the emissions of each air pollutant from several emissions units within a stationary source if
(1) requested by the owner and operator; and
(2) allowed under 42 U.S.C. 7401 - 7671q (Clean Air Act), as amended, and regulations adopted under those sections.