(a) A carrier has a lien on the goods covered by a bill of lading or on the proceeds of the goods in its possession for charges after the date of the carrier's receipt of the goods for storage or transportation, including demurrage and terminal charges, and for expenses necessary for preservation of the goods incident to their transportation or reasonably incurred in their sale under law. However, against a purchaser for value of a negotiable bill of lading, a carrier's lien is limited to charges stated in the bill or the applicable tariffs, or, if no charges are stated, to a reasonable charge.
(b) A lien for charges and expenses under (a) of this section on goods that the carrier was required by law to receive for transportation is effective against the consignor or a person entitled to the goods unless the carrier had notice that the consignor lacked authority to subject the goods to the charges and expenses. Another lien under (a) of this section is effective against the consignor and a person who permitted the bailor to have control or possession of the goods unless the carrier had notice that the bailor lacked authority.
(c) A carrier loses its lien on goods that the carrier voluntarily delivers or unjustifiably refuses to deliver.