A foreign corporation that transacts business in the state without a certificate of authority is liable to this state, for the years or portions of years during which it transacts business in the state without a certificate of authority, in an amount equal to all fees and corporation taxes that would have been imposed by this chapter on the corporation if it had applied for and received a certificate of authority to transact business in this state as required by this chapter and filed all reports required by this chapter, plus all penalties imposed by this chapter for failure to pay the fees and corporation taxes, plus a penalty of up to $10,000 per calendar year or portion of a calendar year for each year it transacts business in this state without a certificate of authority. The attorney general shall bring proceedings to recover amounts due the state under this section.