(a) Except as provided in (b) of this section, in an action to recover damages for personal injury or wrongful death, a person who suffers personal injury or death or the person's personal representative under AS 09.55.570 or 09.55.580 may not recover damages for noneconomic losses if the injury or death occurred while the person was operating a motor vehicle and the person knew that the person was not in compliance with the motor vehicle liability insurance provisions of AS 28.22.011 or, if applicable, the motor vehicle liability insurance provisions of AS 28.20. In this subsection, “damages for noneconomic losses” means the compensation claimed for the losses identified in AS 09.17.010(a).
(b) The prohibition against the recovery of noneconomic losses in (a) of this section does not apply if the person who is liable for the personal injury or wrongful death
(1) was driving while under the influence of an alcoholic beverage, inhalant, or controlled substance;
(2) acted intentionally, recklessly, or with gross negligence;
(3) fled from the scene of the accident; or
(4) was acting in furtherance of an offense or in immediate flight from an offense that constitutes a felony as defined in AS 11.81.900 at the time of the accident.