In this chapter,
(1) “attorney general” includes a designee of the attorney general;
(2) “claim” means a request for payment of health care services or equipment, whether made to a contractor, grantee, or other person, when the state provides, directly or indirectly, a portion of the money, property, or services requested or demanded, or when the state will, directly or indirectly, reimburse the contractor, grantee, or other recipient for a portion of the money, property, or services requested or demanded;
(3) “controversy” means the aggregate of one or more false claims submitted by the same medical assistance provider or medical assistance recipient under this chapter;
(4) “knowingly” means that a person, with or without specific intent to defraud,
(A) has actual knowledge of the information;
(B) acts in deliberate ignorance of the truth or falsity of the information; or
(C) acts in reckless disregard of the truth or falsity of the information;
(5) “medical assistance program” means the federal-state program administered by the Department of Health and Social Services under AS 47.05 and AS 47.07 and regulations adopted under AS 47.05 and AS 47.07;
(6) “medical assistance provider” has the meaning given in AS 47.05.290;
(7) “medical assistance recipient” has the meaning given in AS 47.05.290;
(8) “obligation” means an established duty, whether or not fixed, arising from
(A) an express or implied contractual grantor or grantee or licensor or licensee relationship;
(B) a fee-based or similar relationship;
(C) a statute or regulation; or
(D) the retention of any overpayment.