(a) Detailed filling requirements. Nonliquefied compressed gases (except gas in solution) for which filling requirements are not specifically prescribed in § 173.304a must be shipped subject to the requirements in this section and §§ 173.301, 173.301a, 173.302, and 173.305 in specification cylinders, as follows:
(1) DOT 3, 3A, 3AA, 3AL, 3B, 3E, 4B, 4BA, 4BW, and 4E cylinders.
(2) DOT 3HT cylinders. These cylinders are authorized for aircraft use only and only for nonflammable gases. They have a maximum service life of 24 years from the date of manufacture. The cylinders must be equipped with frangible disc type pressure relief devices that meet the requirements of § 173.301(f). Each frangible disc must have a rated bursting pressure not exceeding 90 percent of the minimum required test pressure of the cylinder. Discs with fusible metal backing are not permitted. Specification 3HT cylinders may be offered for transportation only when packaged in accordance with § 173.301(a)(9).
(3) DOT 39 cylinders. When the cylinder is filled with a Division 2.1 flammable gas, the internal volume of the cylinder may not exceed 1.23 L (75 in3). For chemical under pressure (see § 172.102 of this subchapter (special provision 362)), the internal volume may not exceed the size limits of the specification as provided in § 178.65(a)(1) of this subchapter.
(4) DOT 3AX, 3AAX, and 3T cylinders are authorized for Division 2.1 and 2.2 materials and for carbon monoxide. DOT 3T cylinders are not authorized for hydrogen. When used in methane service, the methane must be a nonliquefied gas with a minimum purity of 98.0 percent methane and commercially free of corroding components.
(5) Aluminum cylinders manufactured in conformance with specifications DOT 39, 3AL and 4E are authorized for oxygen only under the conditions specified in § 173.302(b).
(6) DOT 4E cylinders- DOT 4E cylinders with a maximum capacity of 43L (11 gal) must have a minimum rating of 240 psig and be filled to no more than 200 psig at 21 °C (70 °F).
(b) Special filling limits for DOT 3A, 3AX, 3AA, 3AAX, and 3T cylinders. A DOT 3A, 3AX, 3AA, 3AAX, and 3T cylinder may be filled with a compressed gas, other than a liquefied, dissolved, Division 2.1, or Division 2.3 gas, to a pressure 10 percent in excess of its marked service pressure, provided:
(1) The cylinder is equipped with a frangible disc pressure relief device (without fusible metal backing) having a bursting pressure not exceeding the minimum prescribed test pressure.
(2) The cylinder's elastic expansion was determined at the time of the last test or retest by the water jacket method.
(3) Either the average wall stress or the maximum wall stress does not exceed the wall stress limitation shown in the following table:
| Type of steel | Average wall stress limitation | Maximum wall stress limitation |
|---|---|---|
| I. Plain carbon steels over 0.35 carbon and medium manganese steels | 53,000 | 58,000 |
| II. Steels of analysis and heat treatment specified in spec. 3AA | 67,000 | 73,000 |
| III. Steels of analysis and heat treatment specified in spec. DOT-3T | 87,000 | 94,000 |
| IV. Plain carbon steels less than 0.35 carbon made prior to 1920 | 45,000 | 48,000 |
(i)
(A) The average wall stress must be computed from the elastic expansion data using the following formula:
S = 1.7EE / KV−0.4P
Where:
S = wall stress, pounds per square inch;
EE = elastic expansion (total less permanent) in cubic centimeters;
K = factor × 10−7 experimentally determined for the particular type of cylinder being tested or derived in accordance with CGA C-5 (IBR, see § 171.7 of this subchapter);
V = internal volume in cubic centimeter (1 cubic inch = 16.387 cubic centimeters);
P = test pressure, pounds per square inch.
(B) The formula in paragraph (b)(3)(i)(A) of this section is derived from the formula in paragraph (b)(3)(ii) of this section and the following:
EE = (PKVD2) / (D2−d2)
(ii) The maximum wall stress must be computed from the formula:
S = (P(1.3D2 + 0.4d2)) / (D2−d2)
Where:
S = wall stress, pounds per square inch;
P = test pressure, pounds per square inch;
D = outside diameter, inches;
d = D-2t, where t = minimum wall thickness determined by a suitable method.
(iii) Compliance with average wall stress limitation may be determined by computing the elastic expansion rejection limit in accordance with CGA C-5, by reference to data tabulated in CGA C-5, or by the manufacturer's marked elastic expansion rejection limit (REE) on the cylinder.
(4) An external and internal visual examination made at the time of test or retest shows the cylinder to be free from excessive corrosion, pitting, or dangerous defects.
(5) A plus sign (+) is added following the test date marking on the cylinder to indicate compliance with paragraphs (b) (2), (b)(3), and (b)(4) of this section.
(c) Special filling limits for DOT 3A, 3AX, 3AA, and 3AAX cylinders containing Division 2.1 gases. Except for transportation by aircraft, a DOT specification 3A, 3AX, 3AA, and 3AAX cylinder may be filled with hydrogen and mixtures of hydrogen with helium, argon or nitrogen, to a pressure 10% in excess of its marked service pressure subject to the following conditions:
(1) The cylinder must conform to the requirements of paragraph (b)(2) and (b)(3) of this section;
(2) The cylinder was manufactured after December 31, 1945;
(3) DOT specification 3A and 3AX cylinders are limited to those having an intermediate manganese composition.
(i) Cylinders manufactured with intermediate manganese steel must have been normalized, not quench and tempered. Quench and temper treatment of intermediate steel is not authorized.
(ii) Cylinders manufactured with chrome moly steel must have been quenched and tempered, not normalized. Use of normalized chrome moly steel cylinders is not permitted.
(4) Cylinders must be equipped with pressure relief devices as follows:
(i) Cylinders less than 1.7 m (65 inches) in length must be equipped with fusible metal backed frangible disc devices;
(ii) Cylinders 1.7 m (65 inches) or greater in length and 24.5 cm (9.63 inches) in diameter or larger must be equipped with fusible metal backed frangible disc devices or frangible disc devices, except as provided in paragraph (c)(4)(iii) of this section. Cylinders with a diameter of 0.56 m (22 inches) or larger must be equipped with frangible disc devices except as provided in paragraph (c)(4)(iii) of this section.
(iii) Cylinders greater than 3.66 m (144 inches) in length that are horizontally mounted on a motor vehicle, in an ISO framework, or other framework of equivalent structural integrity are not required to be equipped with pressure relief devices. If such devices are installed, they must be selected in accordance with § 173.301(f).
(d) Carbon monoxide. Carbon monoxide must be offered in a DOT 3, 3A, 3AX, 3AA, 3AAX, 3AL, 3E, or 3T cylinder having a minimum service pressure of 1800 psig. The pressure in a steel cylinder may not exceed 1000 psig at 21 °C (70 °F), except that if the gas is dry and sulfur free, the cylinder may be filled to 5⁄6 of the cylinder's service pressure or 2000 psig, whichever is less. A DOT 3AL cylinder may be filled to its marked service pressure. A DOT 3AL cylinder is authorized only when transported by motor vehicle, rail car, or cargo-only aircraft.
(e) Diborane and diborane mixtures. Diborane and diborane mixed with compatible compressed gas must be offered in a DOT 3AL1800 or 3AA1800 cylinder. The maximum filling density of the diborane may not exceed 7 percent. Diborane mixed with compatible compressed gas may not have a pressure exceeding the service pressure of the cylinder if complete decomposition of the diborane occurs. Cylinder valve assemblies must be protected in accordance with § 173.301(h).
(f) Fluorine. Fluorine must be shipped in specification 3A1000, 3AA1000, or 3BN400 cylinders without pressure relief devices and equipped with valve protection cap. The cylinder may not be charged to over 400 psig at 21 °C (70 °F) and may not contain over 2.7 kg (6 lbs) of gas.
[67 FR 51646, Aug. 8, 2002, as amended at 68 FR 75745, Dec. 31, 2003; 70 FR 34075, June 13, 2005; 71 FR 54395, Sept. 14, 2006; 72 FR 4455, Jan. 31, 2007; 72 FR 55098, Sept. 28, 2007; 78 FR 1091, Jan. 7, 2013; 81 FR 3676, Jan. 21, 2016; 85 FR 85416, Dec. 28, 2020]