ALJ means an Administrative Law Judge in the authority appointed pursuant to section 3105 of title 5 or detailed to the authority pursuant to section 3344 of title 5.

Authority means the National Science Foundation.

Authority head means the Director of the National Science Foundation or the Director's designee.

Benefit is intended to cover anything of value, including but not limited to, any advantage, preference, privilege, license, permit, favorable decision, ruling, status, or loan guarantee.

Claim is defined in section 3801(a)(3) of title 31 of the United States Code.

Complaint means the administrative complaint served by the reviewing official on the defendant under § 681.8.

Defendant means any person alleged in a complaint under § 681.7 to be liable for a civil penalty or assessment pursuant to PFCRA.

Government means the United States Government.

Individual means a natural person.

Initial decision means the written decision of the ALJ required by § 681.33, and includes a revised initial decision issued following a remand or a motion for reconsideration.

Investigating official means the NSF Inspector General or an employee of the Office of Inspector General designated by the Inspector General.

Knows or has reason to know is defined in section 3801(a)(5) of title 31 of the United States Code.

Makes shall include the terms presents, submits, and causes to be made, presented, or submitted. As the context requires, making or made shall likewise include the corresponding forms of such terms.

Person means any individual, partnership, corporation, association, or private organization, and includes the plural of that term.

Representative means an attorney who is in good standing of the bar of any State, Territory, or possession of the United States, or of the District of Columbia, or the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, or any other individual designated in writing by the defendant.

Reviewing official means the General Counsel of NSF or the General Counsel's designee.

Statement is defined in section 3801(a)(9) of title 5 of the United States Code.