Calculating GHG emissions.
§ 98.273 Calculating GHG emissions.
(a) For each chemical recovery furnace located at a kraft or soda facility, you must determine CO2, biogenic CO2, CH4, and N2O emissions using the procedures in paragraphs (a)(1) through (a)(3) of this section. CH4 and N2O emissions must be calculated as the sum of emissions from combustion of fossil fuels and combustion of biomass in spent liquor solids.
(1) Calculate fossil fuel-based CO2 emissions from direct measurement of fossil fuels consumed and default emissions factors according to the Tier 1 methodology for stationary combustion sources in § 98.33(a)(1). Tiers 2 or 3 from § 98.33(a)(2) or (3) may be used to calculate fossil fuel-based CO2 emissions if the respective monitoring and QA/QC requirements described in § 98.34 are met.
(2) Calculate fossil fuel-based CH4 and N2O emissions from direct measurement of fossil fuels consumed, default or site-specific HHV, and default emissions factors and convert to metric tons of CO2 equivalent according to the methodology for stationary combustion sources in § 98.33(c).
(3) Calculate biogenic CO2 emissions and emissions of CH4 and N2O from biomass using measured quantities of spent liquor solids fired, site-specific HHV, and default emissions factors, according to Equation AA-1 of this section:
Where:
CO2, CH4, or N2O, from Biomass = Biogenic CO2 emissions or emissions of CH4 or N2O from spent liquor solids combustion (metric tons per year).
Solids = Mass of spent liquor solids combusted (short tons per year) determined according to § 98.274(b).
HHV = Annual high heat value of the spent liquor solids (mmBtu per kilogram) determined according to § 98.274(b).
(EF) = Default emission factor for CO2, CH4, or N2O, from Table AA-1 of this subpart (kg CO2, CH4, or N2O per mmBtu).
0.90718 = Conversion factor from short tons to metric tons.
(b) For each chemical recovery combustion unit located at a sulfite or stand-alone semichemical facility, you must determine CO2, CH4, and N2O emissions using the procedures in paragraphs (b)(1) through (b)(4) of this section:
(1) Calculate fossil CO2 emissions from fossil fuels from direct measurement of fossil fuels consumed and default emissions factors according to the Tier 1 Calculation Methodology for stationary combustion sources in § 98.33(a)(1). Tiers 2 or 3 from § 98.33(a)(2) or (3) may be used to calculate fossil fuel-based CO2 emissions if the respective monitoring and QA/QC requirements described in § 98.34 are met.
(2) Calculate CH4 and N2O emissions from fossil fuels from direct measurement of fossil fuels consumed, default or site-specific HHV, and default emissions factors and convert to metric tons of CO2 equivalent according to the methodology for stationary combustion sources in § 98.33(c).
(3) Calculate biogenic CO2 emissions using measured quantities of spent liquor solids fired and the carbon content of the spent liquor solids, according to Equation AA-2 of this section:
Where:
Biogenic CO2 = Annual CO2 mass emissions for spent liquor solids combustion (metric tons per year).
Solids = Mass of the spent liquor solids combusted (short tons per year) determined according to § 98.274(b).
CC = Annual carbon content of the spent liquor solids, determined according to § 98.274(b) (percent by weight, expressed as a decimal fraction, e.g., 95% = 0.95).
44/12 = Ratio of molecular weights, CO2 to carbon.
0.90718 = Conversion from short tons to metric tons.
(4) Calculate CH4 and N2O emissions from biomass using Equation AA-1 of this section and the default CH4 and N2O emissions factors for kraft facilities in Table AA-1 of this subpart and convert the CH4 or N2O emissions to metric tons of CO2 equivalent by multiplying each annual CH4 and N2O emissions total by the appropriate global warming potential (GWP) factor from Table A-1 of subpart A of this part.
(c) For each pulp mill lime kiln located at a kraft or soda facility, you must determine CO2, CH4, and N2O emissions using the procedures in paragraphs (c)(1) through (c)(3) of this section:
(1) Calculate CO2 emissions from fossil fuel from direct measurement of fossil fuels consumed and default HHV and default emissions factors, according to the Tier 1 Calculation Methodology for stationary combustion sources in § 98.33(a)(1). Tiers 2 or 3 from § 98.33(a)(2) or (3) may be used to calculate fossil fuel-based CO2 emissions if the respective monitoring and QA/QC requirements described in § 98.34 are met.
(2) Calculate CH4 and N2O emissions from fossil fuel from direct measurement of fossil fuels consumed, default or site-specific HHV, and default emissions factors and convert to metric tons of CO2 equivalent according to the methodology for stationary combustion sources in § 98.33(c); use the default HHV listed in Table C-1 of subpart C and the default CH4 and N2O emissions factors listed in Table AA-2 of this subpart.
(3) Biogenic CO2 emissions from conversion of CaCO3 to CaO are included in the biogenic CO2 estimates calculated for the chemical recovery furnace in paragraph (a)(3) of this section.
(d) For makeup chemical use, you must calculate CO2 emissions by using direct or indirect measurement of the quantity of chemicals added and ratios of the molecular weights of CO2 and the makeup chemicals, according to Equation AA-3 of this section:
Where:
CO2 = CO2 mass emissions from makeup chemicals (kilograms/yr).
M (CaCO3) = Make-up quantity of CaCO3 used for the reporting year (metric tons per year).
M (NaCO3) = Make-up quantity of Na2CO3 used for the reporting year (metric tons per year).
44 = Molecular weight of CO2.
100 = Molecular weight of CaCO3.
105.99 = Molecular weight of Na2CO3.
[74 FR 56374, Oct. 30, 2009, as amended at 75 FR 79166, Dec. 17, 2010; 78 FR 71965, Nov. 29, 2013; 81 FR 89264, Dec. 9, 2016]
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