Monitoring of emissions and operations for sulfur recovery plants.
§ 60.106a Monitoring of emissions and operations for sulfur recovery plants.
(a) The owner or operator of a sulfur recovery plant that is subject to the emissions limits in § 60.102a(f)(1) or § 60.102a(f)(2) shall:
(1) For sulfur recovery plants subject to the SO2 emission limit in § 60.102a(f)(1)(i) or § 60.102a(f)(2)(i), the owner or operator shall install, operate, calibrate, and maintain an instrument for continuously monitoring and recording the concentration (dry basis, zero percent excess air) of any SO2 emissions into the atmosphere. The monitor shall include an oxygen monitor for correcting the data for excess air.
(i) The span value for the SO2 monitor is two times the applicable SO2 emission limit at the highest O2 concentration in the air/oxygen stream used in the Claus burner, if applicable.
(ii) The owner or operator shall install, operate, and maintain each SO2 CEMS according to Performance Specification 2 of appendix B to part 60.
(iii) The owner or operator shall conduct performance evaluations of each SO2 monitor according to the requirements in § 60.13(c) and Performance Specification 2 of appendix B to part 60. The owner or operator shall use Method 6 or 6C of appendix A-4 to part 60. The method ANSI/ASME PTC 19.10-1981, “Flue and Exhaust Gas Analyses,” (incorporated by reference - see § 60.17) is an acceptable alternative to EPA Method 6.
(iv) The owner or operator shall install, operate, and maintain each O2 monitor according to Performance Specification 3 of appendix B to this part.
(v) The span value for the O2 monitor must be selected between 10 and 25 percent, inclusive.
(vi) The owner or operator shall conduct performance evaluations for the O2 monitor according to the requirements of § 60.13(c) and Performance Specification 3 of appendix B to this part. The owner or operator shall use Methods 3, 3A, or 3B of appendix A-2 to this part for conducting the relative accuracy evaluations. The method ANSI/ASME PTC 19.10-1981 (incorporated by reference - see § 60.17) is an acceptable alternative to EPA Method 3B of appendix A-2 to this part.
(vii) The owner or operator shall comply with the applicable quality assurance procedures of appendix F to this part for each monitor, including annual accuracy determinations for each O2 monitor, and daily calibration drift determinations.
(2) For sulfur recovery plants that are subject to the reduced sulfur compounds emission limit in § 60.102a(f)(1)(ii) or (f)(2)(ii), the owner or operator shall install, operate, calibrate, and maintain an instrument for continuously monitoring and recording the concentration of reduced sulfur compounds and O2 emissions into the atmosphere. The reduced sulfur compounds emissions shall be calculated as SO2 (dry basis, zero percent excess air).
(i) The span value for the reduced sulfur compounds monitor is two times the applicable reduced sulfur compounds emission limit as SO2 at the highest O2 concentration in the air/oxygen stream used in the Claus burner, if applicable.
(ii) The owner or operator shall install, operate, and maintain each reduced sulfur compounds CEMS according to Performance Specification 5 of appendix B to this part.
(iii) The owner or operator shall conduct performance evaluations of each reduced sulfur compounds monitor according to the requirements in § 60.13(c) and Performance Specification 5 of appendix B to this part. The owner or operator shall use Methods 15 or 15A of appendix A-5 to part 60 for conducting the relative accuracy evaluations. The method ANSI/ASME PTC 19.10-1981, “Flue and Exhaust Gas Analyses,” (incorporated by reference - see § 60.17) is an acceptable alternative to EPA Method 15A of appendix A-5 to part 60.
(iv) The owner or operator shall install, operate, and maintain each O2 monitor according to Performance Specification 3 of appendix B to part 60.
(v) The span value for the O2 monitor must be selected between 10 and 25 percent, inclusive.
(vi) The owner or operator shall conduct performance evaluations for the O2 monitor according to the requirements of § 60.13(c) and Performance Specification 3 of appendix B to part 60. The owner or operator shall use Methods 3, 3A, or 3B of appendix A-2 to part 60 for conducting the relative accuracy evaluations. The method ANSI/ASME PTC 19.10-1981, “Flue and Exhaust Gas Analyses,” (incorporated by reference - see § 60.17) is an acceptable alternative to EPA Method 3B of appendix A-2 to part 60.
(vii) The owner or operator shall comply with the applicable quality assurance procedures of appendix F to part 60 for each monitor, including annual accuracy determinations for each O2 monitor, and daily calibration drift determinations.
(3) In place of the reduced sulfur compounds monitor required in paragraph (a)(2) of this section, the owner or operator may install, calibrate, operate, and maintain an instrument using an air or O2 dilution and oxidation system to convert any reduced sulfur to SO2 for continuously monitoring and recording the concentration (dry basis, 0 percent excess air) of the total resultant SO2. The monitor must include an O2 monitor for correcting the data for excess O2.
(i) The span value for this monitor is two times the applicable reduced sulfur compounds emission limit as SO2 at the highest O2 concentration in the air/oxygen stream used in the Claus burner, if applicable.
(ii) The owner or operator shall conduct performance evaluations of each SO2 monitor according to the requirements in § 60.13(c) and Performance Specification 5 of appendix B to part 60. The owner or operator shall use Methods 15 or 15A of appendix A-5 to part 60 for conducting the relative accuracy evaluations. The method ANSI/ASME PTC 19.10-1981, “Flue and Exhaust Gas Analyses,” (incorporated by reference - see § 60.17) is an acceptable alternative to EPA Method 15A of appendix A-5 to part 60.
(iii) The owner or operator shall install, operate, and maintain each O2 monitor according to Performance Specification 3 of appendix B to part 60.
(iv) The span value for the O2 monitor must be selected between 10 and 25 percent, inclusive.
(v) The owner or operator shall conduct performance evaluations for the O2 monitor according to the requirements of § 60.13(c) and Performance Specification 3 of appendix B to part 60. The owner or operator shall use Methods 3, 3A, or 3B of appendix A-2 to part 60 for conducting the relative accuracy evaluations. The method ANSI/ASME PTC 19.10-1981, “Flue and Exhaust Gas Analyses,” (incorporated by reference - see § 60.17) is an acceptable alternative to EPA Method 3B of appendix A-2 to part 60.
(vi) The owner or operator shall comply with the applicable quality assurance procedures of appendix F to part 60 for each monitor, including quarterly accuracy determinations for each SO2 monitor, annual accuracy determinations for each O2 monitor, and daily calibration drift determinations.
(4) For sulfur recovery plants that are subject to the H2S emission limit in § 60.102a(f)(1)(iii) or (f)(2)(iii), the owner or operator shall install, operate, calibrate, and maintain an instrument for continuously monitoring and recording the concentration of H2S, and O2 emissions into the atmosphere. The H2S emissions shall be calculated as SO2 (dry basis, zero percent excess air).
(i) The span value for this monitor is two times the applicable H2S emission limit.
(ii) The owner or operator shall install, operate, and maintain each H2S CEMS according to Performance Specification 7 of appendix B to this part.
(iii) The owner or operator shall conduct performance evaluations for each H2S monitor according to the requirements of § 60.13(c) and Performance Specification 7 of appendix B to this part. The owner or operator shall use Methods 11 or 15 of appendix A-5 to this part or Method 16 of appendix A-6 to this part for conducting the relative accuracy evaluations. The method ANSI/ASME PTC 19.10-1981 (incorporated by reference - see § 60.17) is an acceptable alternative to EPA Method 15A of appendix A-5 to this part.
(iv) The owner or operator shall install, operate, and maintain each O2 monitor according to Performance Specification 3 of appendix B to this part.
(v) The span value for the O2 monitor must be selected between 10 and 25 percent, inclusive.
(vi) The owner or operator shall conduct performance evaluations for the O2 monitor according to the requirements of § 60.13(c) and Performance Specification 3 of appendix B to this part. The owner or operator shall use Methods 3, 3A, or 3B of appendix A-2 to this part for conducting the relative accuracy evaluations. The method ANSI/ASME PTC 19.10-1981 (incorporated by reference - see § 60.17) is an acceptable alternative to EPA Method 3B of appendix A-2 to this part.
(vii) The owner or operator shall comply with the applicable quality assurance procedures of appendix F to this part for each monitor, including annual accuracy determinations for each O2 monitor, and daily calibration drift determinations.
(5) For sulfur recovery plants that use oxygen or oxygen enriched air in the Claus burner and that elects to monitor O2 concentration of the air/oxygen mixture supplied to the Claus burner, the owner or operator shall install, operate, calibrate, and maintain an instrument for continuously monitoring and recording the O2 concentration of the air/oxygen mixture supplied to the Claus burner in order to determine the allowable emissions limit.
(i) The owner or operator shall install, operate, and maintain each O2 monitor according to Performance Specification 3 of appendix B to this part.
(ii) The span value for the O2 monitor shall be 100 percent.
(iii) The owner or operator shall conduct performance evaluations for the O2 monitor according to the requirements of § 60.13(c) and Performance Specification 3 of appendix B to this part. The owner or operator shall use Methods 3, 3A, or 3B of appendix A-2 to this part for conducting the relative accuracy evaluations. The method ANSI/ASME PTC 19.10-1981 (incorporated by reference - see § 60.17) is an acceptable alternative to EPA Method 3B of appendix A-2 to this part.
(iv) The owner or operator shall comply with the applicable quality assurance procedures of appendix F to this part for each monitor, including annual accuracy determinations for each O2 monitor, and daily calibration drift determinations.
(v) The owner or operator shall use the hourly average O2 concentration from this monitor for use in Equation 1 or 2 of § 60.102a(f), as applicable, for each hour and determine the allowable emission limit as the arithmetic average of 12 contiguous 1-hour averages (i.e., the rolling 12-hour average).
(6) As an alternative to the O2 monitor required in paragraph (a)(5) of this section, the owner or operator may install, calibrate, operate, and maintain a CPMS to measure and record the volumetric gas flow rate of ambient air and oxygen-enriched gas supplied to the Claus burner and calculate the hourly average O2 concentration of the air/oxygen mixture used in the Claus burner as specified in paragraphs (a)(6)(i) through (iv) of this section in order to determine the allowable emissions limit as specified in paragraphs (a)(6)(v) of this section.
(i) The owner or operator shall install, calibrate, operate and maintain each flow monitor according to the manufacturer's procedures and specifications and the following requirements.
(A) Locate the monitor in a position that provides a representative measurement of the total gas flow rate.
(B) Use a flow sensor meeting an accuracy requirement of ±5 percent over the normal range of flow measured or 10 cubic feet per minute, whichever is greater.
(C) Use a flow monitor that is maintainable online, is able to continuously correct for temperature, pressure and, for ambient air flow monitor, moisture content, and is able to record dry flow in standard conditions (as defined in § 60.2) over one-minute averages.
(D) At least quarterly, perform a visual inspection of all components of the monitor for physical and operational integrity and all electrical connections for oxidation and galvanic corrosion if the flow monitor is not equipped with a redundant flow sensor.
(E) Recalibrate the flow monitor in accordance with the manufacturer's procedures and specifications biennially (every two years) or at the frequency specified by the manufacturer.
(ii) The owner or operator shall use 20.9 percent as the oxygen content of the ambient air.
(iii) The owner or operator shall use product specifications (e.g., as reported in material safety data sheets) for percent oxygen for purchased oxygen. For oxygen produced onsite, the percent oxygen shall be determined by periodic measurements or process knowledge.
(iv) The owner or operator shall calculate the hourly average O2 concentration of the air/oxygen mixture used in the Claus burner using Equation 10 of this section:
Where:
%O2 = O2 concentration of the air/oxygen mixture used in the Claus burner, percent by volume (dry basis);
20.9 = O2 concentration in air, percent dry basis;
Qair = Volumetric flow rate of ambient air used in the Claus burner, dscfm;
%O2,oxy = O2 concentration in the enriched oxygen stream, percent dry basis; and
Qoxy = Volumetric flow rate of enriched oxygen stream used in the Claus burner, dscfm.
(v) The owner or operator shall use the hourly average O2 concentration determined using Equation 8 of § 60.104a(d)(8) for use in Equation 1 or 2 of § 60.102a(f), as applicable, for each hour and determine the allowable emission limit as the arithmetic average of 12 contiguous 1-hour averages (i.e., the rolling 12-hour average).
(7) Owners or operators of a sulfur recovery plant that elects to comply with the SO2 emission limit in § 60.102a(f)(1)(i) or (f)(2)(i) or the reduced sulfur compounds emission limit in § 60.102a(f)(1)(ii) or (f)(2)(ii) as a flow rate weighted average for a group of release points from the sulfur recovery plant rather than for each process train or release point individually shall install, calibrate, operate, and maintain a CPMS to measure and record the volumetric gas flow rate of each release point within the group of release points from the sulfur recovery plant as specified in paragraphs (a)(7)(i) through (iv) of this section.
(i) The owner or operator shall install, calibrate, operate and maintain each flow monitor according to the manufacturer's procedures and specifications and the following requirements.
(A) Locate the monitor in a position that provides a representative measurement of the total gas flow rate.
(B) Use a flow sensor meeting an accuracy requirement of ±5 percent over the normal range of flow measured or 10 cubic feet per minute, whichever is greater.
(C) Use a flow monitor that is maintainable online, is able to continuously correct for temperature, pressure, and moisture content, and is able to record dry flow in standard conditions (as defined in § 60.2) over one-minute averages.
(D) At least quarterly, perform a visual inspection of all components of the monitor for physical and operational integrity and all electrical connections for oxidation and galvanic corrosion if the flow monitor is not equipped with a redundant flow sensor.
(E) Recalibrate the flow monitor in accordance with the manufacturer's procedures and specifications biennially (every two years) or at the frequency specified by the manufacturer.
(ii) The owner or operator shall correct the flow to 0 percent excess air using Equation 11 of this section:
Where:
Qadj = Volumetric flow rate adjusted to 0 percent excess air, dry standard cubic feet per minute (dscfm);
Cmeas = Volumetric flow rate measured by the flow meter corrected to dry standard conditions, dscfm;
20.9c = 20.9 percent O2−0.0 percent O2 (defined O2 correction basis), percent;
20.9 = O2 concentration in air, percent; and
%O2 = O2 concentration measured on a dry basis, percent.
(iii) The owner or operator shall calculate the flow weighted average SO2 or reduced sulfur compounds concentration for each hour using Equation 12 of this section:
Where:
Cave = Flow weighted average concentration of the pollutant, ppmv (dry basis, zero percent excess air). The pollutant is either SO2 (if complying with the SO2 emission limit in § 60.102a(f)(1)(i) or (f)(2)(i)) or reduced sulfur compounds (if complying with the reduced sulfur compounds emission limit in § 60.102a(f)(1)(ii) or (f)(2)(ii));
N = Number of release points within the group of release points from the sulfur recovery plant for which emissions averaging is elected;
Cn = Pollutant concentration in the nth release point within the group of release points from the sulfur recovery plant for which emissions averaging is elected, ppmv (dry basis, zero percent excess air);
Qadj,n = Volumetric flow rate of the nth release point within the group of release points from the sulfur recovery plant for which emissions averaging is elected, dry standard cubic feet per minute (dscfm, adjusted to 0 percent excess air).
(iv) For sulfur recovery plants that use oxygen or oxygen enriched air in the Claus burner, the owner or operator shall use Equation 10 of this section and the hourly emission limits determined in paragraph (a)(5)(v) or (a)(6)(v) of this section in-place of the pollutant concentration to determine the flow weighted average hourly emission limit for each hour. The allowable emission limit shall be calculated as the arithmetic average of 12 contiguous 1-hour averages (i.e., the rolling 12-hour average).
(b) Excess emissions. For the purpose of reports required by § 60.7(c), periods of excess emissions for sulfur recovery plants subject to the emissions limitations in § 60.102a(f) are defined as specified in paragraphs (b)(1) through (3) of this section.
Determine all averages as the arithmetic average of the applicable 1-hour averages, e.g., determine the rolling 12-hour average as the arithmetic average of 12 contiguous 1-hour averages.
(1) All 12-hour periods during which the average concentration of SO2 as measured by the SO2 continuous monitoring system required under paragraph (a)(1) of this section exceeds the applicable emission limit (dry basis, zero percent excess air); or
(2) All 12-hour periods during which the average concentration of reduced sulfur compounds (as SO2) as measured by the reduced sulfur compounds continuous monitoring system required under paragraph (a)(2) or (3) of this section exceeds the applicable emission limit; or
(3) All 12-hour periods during which the average concentration of H2S as measured by the H2S continuous monitoring system required under paragraph (a)(4) of this section exceeds the applicable emission limit (dry basis, 0 percent excess air).
[73 FR 35867, June 24, 2008, as amended at 80 FR 75232, Dec. 1, 2015; 83 FR 60713, Nov. 26, 2018]
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