(a) Both direct and indirect discharges must monitor to establish compliance with their limitations and standards. Thus, all the permits of all direct dischargers must include requirements to monitor, according to EPA-approved test procedures, each pollutant limited in the permit, the volume of effluent discharged from each outfall, and other appropriate measurements subject to notification requirements. See 40 CFR 122.44(i). EPA's pretreatment regulations similarly require indirect dischargers to monitor to demonstrate compliance with pretreatment standards. See 40 CFR 403.12(g).
(b) Incorporation by reference:
(1) Compliance with the monitoring requirements may be accomplished using approved test procedures listed in the table to this paragraph. Most of these test procedures have previously been incorporated by reference at 40 CFR 136.3(a), Table IB. The test procedures for the regulated pollutants (arsenic, cadmium, chromium (total), copper, pH, lead, mercury, TSS, silver, titanium, and zinc) listed in the table to this paragraph are also incorporated by reference into this regulation. The full texts of the test procedures listed in this paragraph are available from the sources indicated in paragraph (b)(2) of this section. In addition to those test procedures incorporated by reference at 40 CFR 136.3(a), Table IB, you may also use EPA Method 200.8, “Determination of Trace Elements in Water and Wastes by Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry,” from “Methods for Determination of Metals in Environmental Samples - Supplement I,” EPA-600/R-94-111, May 1994, and ASTM Method D 5673-96, “Standard Test Method for Elements in Water by Inductively Coupled Plasma - Mass Spectrometry,” from 1999 Annual Book of ASTM Standards, for determination of arsenic, cadmium, chromium (total), copper, lead, silver, and zinc. The full texts of these methods are incorporated by reference into this regulation and may be obtained from the sources identified in paragraph (b)(2) of this section.
List of Approved Inorganic Test Procedures
Parameter, units and method |
Reference (method number or page) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
EPA1 16 | Standard Methods [18th Edition]6 | ASTM | USGS2 | Other | |
1. Arsenic - Total,4 mg/L: | |||||
Digestion4 followed by | 206.5 | ||||
AA gaseous hydride | 206.3 | 3114B 4.d | D2972-93(B) | I-3062-85 | |
AA furnace | 206.2 | 3113B | D2972-93(C) | ||
ICP/AES15 | 5 200.7 | 3120 B | |||
Colorimetric (SDDC), or | 206.4 | 3500-As C | D2972-93(A) | I-3060-85 | |
ICP/MS | 7 200.8 | D5673-9617 | |||
2. Cadmium - Total,4 mg/L; Digestion4 followed by: | |||||
AA direct aspiration15 | 213.1 | 3111 B or C | D3557-90(A or B) | I-3135-85 or I-3136-85 |
974.27,3 p. 37. |
AA furnace | 213.2 | 3113 B | D3557-90(D) | ||
ICP/AES15 | 5 200.7 | 3120 B | |||
DCP15 | D4190-82(88) | I-1472-85 | (14) | ||
Voltametry9 | |||||
Colorimetric (Dithizone), or | 3500-Cd D | D3557-90(C) | |||
ICP/MS | 7 200.8 | D5673-9617 | |||
3. Chromium-Total,4 mg/L; Digestion4 followed by: | |||||
AA direct aspiration15 | 218.1 | 3111 B | D1687-92(B) | I-3236-85 | 974.27.3 |
AA chelation-extraction | 218.3 | 3111 C | |||
AA furnace | 218.2 | 3113 B | D1687-92(C) | ||
ICP/AES15 | 5 200.7 | 3120 B | |||
DCP15 | D4190-82(88) | (14) | |||
Colorimetric (Diphenylcarbazide), or | 3500-Cr D | ||||
ICP/MS | 7 200.8 | D5673-9617 | |||
4. Copper - Total,4 mg/L; Digestion4 followed by: | |||||
AA direct aspiration15 | 220.1 | 3111 B or C | D1688-90(A or B) | I-3270-85 or I-3271-85 | 974.273 p. 37.8 |
AA furnace | 220.2 | 3113 B | D1688-90(C) | ||
ICP/AES15 | 5 200.7 | 3120 B | |||
DCP15 or | D4190-82(88) | (14) | |||
Colorimetric (Neocuproine) or | 3500-Cu D | ||||
(Bicinchoninate), or | or E | (10) | |||
ICP/MS | 7 200.8 | D5673-9617 | |||
5. Hydrogen ion (pH), pH units: | |||||
Electrometric measurement | 150.1 | 4500-H + B | D1293-84 (90)(A or B) | I-1586-85 | 973.41. |
Automated electrode | (11) | ||||
6. Lead - Total,4 mg/L; Digestion4 followed by: | |||||
AA direct aspiration15 | 239.1 | 3111 B or C | D3559-90(A or B) | I-3399-85 | 974.27.3 |
AA furnace | 239.2 | 3113 B | D3559-90(D) | ||
ICP/AES15 | 5 200.7 | 3120 B | |||
DCP15 | D4190-82(88) | (14) | |||
Voltametry9 | D3559-90(C) | ||||
Colorimetric (Dithizone), or | 3500-Pb D | ||||
ICP/MS | 7 200.8 | D5673-9617 | |||
7. Mercury - Total,4 mg/L: | |||||
Cold vapor, manual or | 245.1 | 3112 B | D3223-91 | I-3462-85 | 977.22.3 |
Automated | 245.1 | ||||
8. Residue - nonfilterable (TSS), mg/L: | |||||
Gravimetric, 103-105-post washing of residue | 160.2 | 2540 D | I-3765-85 | ||
9. Silver - Total,4 mg/L: Digestion4 12 followed by: | |||||
AA direct aspiration | 272.1 | 3111 B or C | I-3720-85 | 974.273 p. 37.8 | |
AA furnace | 272.2 | 3113 B | |||
ICP/AES | 5 200.7 | 3120 B | |||
DCP, or | (14) | ||||
ICP/MS | 7 200.8 | D5673-9617 | |||
10. Titanium - Total,4 mg/L; Digestion4 followed by: | |||||
AA direct aspiration | 283.1 | 3111 D | |||
AA furnace, or | 283.2 | ||||
DCP | (14) | ||||
11. Zinc - Total,4 mg/L; Digestion4 followed by: | |||||
AA direct aspiration15 | 289.1 | 3111 B or C | D1691-90(A) or B) | I-3900-85 | 974.27,3 p. 37.8 |
AA furnace | 289.2 | ||||
ICP/AES15 | 5 200.7 | 3120 B | |||
DCP15 | D4190-82(88) | (14) | |||
Colorimetric (Dithizone) or | 3500-Zn E | ||||
(Zincon), or | 3500-Zn F | (13) | |||
ICP/MS | 7 200.8 | D5673-9617 |
(2) The full texts of the methods from the following references which are cited in the table in paragraph (b)(1) of this section are incorporated by reference into this regulation and may be obtained from the sources identified. All costs cited are subject to change and must be verified from the indicated sources. The full texts of all the test procedures cited are available for inspection at the Analytical Methods Staff, Office of Water, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 1200 Pennsylvania Ave., NW., Washington, DC 20460 or at the National Archives and Records Administration (NARA). For information on the availability of this material at NARA, call 202-741-6030, or go to: http://www.archives.gov/federal_register/code_of_federal_regulations/ibr_locations.html.
(1) “Methods for Chemical Analysis of Water and Wastes,” U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, EPA-600/4-79-020, Revised March 1983 and 1979 where applicable. Available from: ORD Publications, CERI, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, Ohio 45268. [Note 1]
(2) “Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater.” Joint Editorial Board, American Public Health Association, American Water Works Association, and Water Environment Federation, 18th Edition, 1992. Available from: American Public Health Association, 1015 15th Street NW, Washington, DC 20005. [Note 6]
(3) “Annual Book of ASTM Standards - Water and Environmental Technology,” Section 11, Volumes 11.01 (Water I) and 11.02 (Water II), 1994. [1996 for D5673-96; see Note 17]. American Society for Testing and Materials, 1916 Race Street, Philadelphia, PA 19103.
(4) “Methods for the Determination of Metals in Environmental Samples - Supplement I”, National Exposure Risk Laboratory, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH 45268, EPA 600 R-94/111, May 1994. [Notes 5 and 7]
(5) “Methods for Determination of Inorganic Substances in Water and Fluvial Sediments,” by M.J. Fishman and Linda C. Friedman, Techniques of Water Resources Investigations of the U.S. Geological Survey, Book 5 Chapter A1 (1989). Available from: U.S. Geological Survey, Denver Federal Center, Box 25425, Denver, CO 80225. Cost: $108.75 (subject to change). [Note 2]
(6) “Closed Vessel Microwave Digestion of Wastewater Samples for Determination of Metals,” CEM Corporation, P.O. Box 200, Matthews, North Carolina 28106-0200, April 16, 1992. Available from the CEM Corporation. [Note 15]
(7) “Official Methods of Analysis of AOAC - International, 15th Edition,” 1990. Price: $359.00. Available from: AOAC - International, 1970 Chain Bridge Rd., Dept. 0742, McLean, VA 22109-0742. [Note 3]
(8) “American National Standard on Photographic Processing Effluents,” April 2, 1975. Available from: American National Standards Institute, 11 West 42nd Street, New York, New York 10036. [Note 8]
(9) Bicinchoninate Method for Copper. Method 8506, Hach Handbook of Water Analysis, 1979, Method and price available from Hach Chemical Company, P.O. Box 300, Loveland, Colorado 80537. [Note 10]
(10) Hydrogen Ion (pH) Automated Electrode Method, Industrial Method Number 378-75WA. October 1976. Bran & Luebbe (Technicon) Auto Analyzer II. Method and price available from Bran & Luebbe Analyzing Technologies, Inc. Elmsford, N.Y. 10523. [Note 11]
(11) Zincon Method for Zinc, Method 8009. Hach Handbook for Water Analysis, 1979. Method and price available from Hach Chemical Company, P.O. Box 389, Loveland, Colorado 80537. [Note 13]
(12) “Direct Current Plasma (DCP) Optical Emission Spectrometric Method for Trace Elemental Analysis of Water and Wastes,” Method AES 0029, 1986 Revised 1991, Thermo Jarrell Ash Corporation (508-520-1880), 27 Forge Parkway, Franklin, MA 02038. [Note 14]
[65 FR 4381, Jan. 27, 2000, as amended at 65 FR 70315, Nov. 22, 2000; 69 FR 18803, Apr. 9, 2004]